Stillborn Babies

Still Born Babies What is stillbirth? The clinical meaning of a despite everything birth is the point at which a child is conceived with no indications of life at or following 20 weeks or gauging more than 500g before work. Demise in the baby may have happened during pregnancy, which is intrauterine passing, work, or birth. Most despite everything births are intrauterine. As uncommon as stillbirth may be, it happens once in each 160 pregnancies. What causes a stillbirth? There are various known reasons for stillbirth. Once in a while more than one of these causes may add to the baby’s passing exposition essayist reviews.Common causes include: * Birth absconds: Such as Down condition. Others have other birth abandons coming about because of hereditary, natural or obscure causes. * Placental issues: Placental unexpectedness. In this condition, the placenta strips away, incompletely to totally, from the uterine divider before conveyance. It brings about substantial draining that can compromise the life of mother and child. Now and then it can make the embryo bite the dust from absence of oxygen. * Poor fetal development: Fetuses who are developing also gradually are at expanded danger of stillbirth.About 40 percent of stillborn infants have poor development. Expanded hazard by smoking or hypertension. * Infections: Infections including the mother, hatchling or placenta seem to cause around 10 to 25 percent of stillbirths. These incorporate genital and urinary tract contaminations that may go undiscovered until they cause genuine intricacies * Chronic wellbeing conditions in the pregnant lady: About 10 percent of stillbirths are identified with constant wellbeing conditions in the mother, for example, hypertension, diabetes, kidney infections, and blood thickening issue. Umbilical rope mishaps: These remember a bunch for the line or irregular arrangement of the rope into the placenta, causing there to be a deficiency of oxygen to the hatchling. Different rea sons for stillbirth incorporate injury, (for example, auto crashes), postdate pregnancy (a pregnancy that keeps going longer than 42 weeks), Rh malady (a contrariness between the blood of mother and infant), and absence of oxygen (asphyxia) during a troublesome conveyance. These causes are exceptional. What are a few factors that expansion a mother’s possibility of a stillbirth? Ladies 35 years of age or more established: As age expands, there are more dangers to pregnancy and all around wellbeing. * Malnutrition: Just like us, the embryo will just make due for such a long time with practically no nourishment. * Inadequate pre-birth care: Women who are a high hazard pregnancy must be increasingly cautious with their day by day exercises. Indeed, even a customary pregnancy requires rest, low pressure and monitoring your environmental factors. * Smoking: Cigarette smoke contains in excess of 4,000 synthetics, including things like cyanide, lead, and in any event 60 malignant gr owth causing compounds.When you smoke during pregnancy, that harmful mix gets into your circulatory system, the fetus’ just wellspring of oxygen and supplements. * Alcohol and medication misuse: Alcohol and medications, poison the circulation system to the hatchling, it’s just wellspring of oxygen and supplements. * African-American ethnicity: It isn't known why African American ladies are about twice as likely as other American ladies to have a stillborn child. How is fetal demise analyzed? A ultrasound can tell if the embryo has kicked the bucket by indicating the fetus’ heartbeat. It once in a while can help clarify why the embryo died.The specialist likewise can do some blood tests on the lady to help affirm why the baby kicked the bucket. What occurs after the determination? Subsequent to discovering that the embryo has passed on in the belly, the mother must proceed with the introduction of her stillborn. Regardless of whether the guardians need to hold up until work falls into place without a hitch or if they’d like work to be actuated is their decision. Testing for the reason for the stillbirth requires consent from the two guardians. A particular specialist will play out a post-mortem examination on the child to uncover the cause.This is generally done to forestall a rehashed stillbirth. What are the odds of a recurrent stillborn? The probability of an intermittent stillbirth relies on the reason for your underlying stillbirth. While rehashed stillbirths do occur, they are exceptionally phenomenal. Indeed, even on account of hereditary deformities, repetitive stillbirths are far-fetched. Book index 1. Babycenter. â€Å"When an infant is stillborn †BabyCenter Canada. † Pregnancy, infant and little child wellbeing data at BabyCenter Canada †BabyCenter Canada. Babycenter, n. d. Web. <http://www. babycenter. an/a1014800/when-a-child is-stillborn#section1>. 2. Walk of Dimes. â€Å"Stillbirth | Baby | Loss and grief | March of Dimes. † Pregnancy, Baby, Prematurity, Birth Defects | March of Dimes. http://www. marchofdimes. com/child/loss_stillbirth 3. â€Å"Stillbirth: Trying to Understand †American Pregnancy Association. † American Pregnancy Association †Promoting Pregnancy Wellness. National Stillbirth society, n. d. Web. 10 Apr. 2013. <http://americanpregnancy. organization/pregnancyloss/sbtryingtounderstand. html>. 4. Walk of Dimes. â€Å"StillbirthA †Loss and misery. Pregnancy, Baby, Prematurity, Birth DefectsA |A March of Dimes. Walk Of Dimes, n. d. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. <http://www. marchofdimes. com/child/loss_stillbirth. html>. 1. â€Å"Understanding stillbirth †analysis and treatment. † WebMD †Better data. Better wellbeing.. WebMD, 23 Apr. 2012. Web. 11 Apr. 2013. <http://www. webmd. com/child/understanding-stillbirth-treatment>. 2. Epigee. organization. â€Å"Pregnancy Help and Information: Stillbirth. † Epigee Pregnancy Resource. http://www. epigee. organization/pregnancy/stillbirth. html (got to April 11, 2013).

Four Women in American Music History Free Essays

American music history has grown a unimaginable sum over the most recent hundred years. Before that time, there were not many styles of music that began in America. Be that as it may, with the coming of jazz and related styles, American music culture was conceived. We will compose a custom article test on Four Women in American Music History or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Blues is one of the early styles of music that is genuinely American, and there are numerous American specialists who sang or acted in that style. Truth be told, blues is as yet well known today, despite the fact that it has changed after some time. Blues is a significant and long haul American melodic style, which has effectsly affected melodic culture from the mid 1900s through today. Bessie Smith was an early blues vocalist. She was famous during the 1920s and 30s, and was known as much for her hard-drinking, unpleasant life as much as her music. She sang about what she knew. Bessie was an African American lady who enjoyed sex and liquor, and had a solid temper. She never surrendered without a battle, either in her music or her life. Getting into a battle with Bessie wasn’t something an individual needed to do, either, in light of the fact that she was more than six feet tall and weighed around 200 pounds. Bessie had a background marked by getting into clench hand battles with individuals, male or female. She additionally took off after her ex with a weapon when she discovered him undermining her, in the wake of pummeling his darling. In any case, Bessie herself was known for laying down with various the two people (Whitney). Musically, Bessie was not so much prepared. She was unable to understand music, and depended on different artists to record her tunes for her. She wrote her own verses, however. She was an imposing nearness in front of an audience, ready to sing uproariously and emphatically as a result of her size, and her propensity to sing in the range that was most effortless for her. Recorded as a hard copy her music, Bessie would in general change existing tunes, and here and there make new ones, with the goal that they lay well in her â€Å"good† run (Whitney). Here is a case of Bessie’s verses, which give her sentiments about existence clearly: â€Å"I ain’t no high yella, I’m a profound executioner earthy colored. /I ain’t going to wed, ain’t going to settle down. /I’m going to drink great moonshine and rub these browns down. /See that long bereft street, Lawd you know it’s going to end,/and I’m a decent lady and I can get bounty men† (Whitney). Bessie was otherwise called something of a supremacist. While her fans were both high contrast, she was inconsiderate to the two whites and lighter-cleaned blacks. Indeed, even at the tallness of her vocation, when she had enough cash to live as she picked (even as a white individual may, in the mid 30s), she decided to remain in the city and to carry on with the existence that was natural to her. Her verses here give her deduction on this issue: â€Å"Mister rich man, rich man, open up your heart and psyche,/Mister rich man, rich man, open up your heart and brain;/Give the poor man an opportunity, help stop these hard, difficult situations. /While you’re livin’ in your manor you don’t recognize what tough situations implies,/While you’re livin’ in your house you don’t comprehend what difficult situations implies;/Poor working man’s spouse is starving your better half is livin’ like a queen† (Whitney). Ethel Waters is a blues vocalist who started performing later in Bessie’s profession. While Bessie was principally performing and notable during the 1920s, Ethel turned out to be better known during the 1930s (her vocation did authoritatively start in 1921, however). Ethel was explicitly an alternate sort of blues artist than Bessie, and in certainty was not quite the same as her from various perspectives. Ethel is additionally of African American not too bad, however she experienced childhood in the North and was vigorously affected by white entertainers. At the point when she started performing expertly, Ethel joined a gathering of blacks who called themselves â€Å"Cakewalk singers,† which was particularly not quite the same as the more customary blues artists, as Bessie (PBS). Ethel’s acknowledgment of whites can be followed to what was an unpleasant start for her. She was conceived when her mom was just 12. Her mom had been assaulted by a white man, John Waters. Ethel, at that point, is half-white, and conveys her father’s last name. She was raised by her maternal grandma in destitution, and started singing at age 5. Her beginnings are significantly more like Bessie’s, yet what she did to occupy her time later contrasts generally (Myers). Ethel worked with various renowned jazz entertainers, including Duke Ellington. Notwithstanding her singing profession, Ethel was likewise an entertainer, a part of her life that in the long run went to the cutting edge. Her singing style was not so solid as Bessie’s, yet she performed dramatically and figured out how to catch the audience’s enthusiasm for every last bit of her music. This proved to be useful, as she kept performing through the 1960s and 70s, working around then with Billy Graham (PBS). At last, Bessie’s effect on Ethel was extremely aberrant. Both were jazz artists in when African Americans were first on the ascent in fame on the stage. Bessie’s coarseness may have given Ethel openings she probably won't have in any case had. From various perspectives, however, the two were totally different; demeanor, style, and the sky is the limit from there. Dinah Washington is another significant artist in this chain of history. Her original name was Ruth Jones, and she was conceived in 1924. She is fundamentally more youthful than both Ethel and Bessie, whose professions were close to their pinnacles when she was conceived. Music was in Dinah’s family from the earliest starting point. Her mom was a congregation piano player, and instructed her to play at a youthful age. She was join and visiting when she was 16, and had won prizes. Be that as it may, in spite of the fact that her underlying roots were in the congregation, Dinah ached to work in common music, to be specific jazz (Dahl). At age 19, Dinah got her enormous break, singing with Lionel Hampton’s Big Band, at that point one of the most well known music styles. By 1945, she was recording her own performance work for the Apollo mark and Mercury records, and by 1948, she was en route to significant fame. 1959 was her greatest year, when she sang â€Å"What a Dif’rence a Day Makes† (Dahl). In her own life, Dinah was like Bessie. She had numerous spouses, and she drank a great deal. Truth be told, liquor and medications in the end murdered her toward the finish of 1963 (Dahl). What's more, she additionally cherished the better things, including hide, garments, and vehicles. Her character was known as â€Å"feisty,† and she could be snapping one moment and liberal the following (Cohodas). From the outset, Christina Aguilera doesn’t look a lot of like different stars. For one, she isn’t dark. For another, she was brought into the world after the entirety of different vocalists had kicked the bucket. Notwithstanding, it is her underlying foundations and impacts that she is like them. Like Dinah, she is biracial, with a mother who is Irish and a dad who is Ecuadorian. Her dad was in the military, which implied that Christina voyaged a great deal as a youngster (Biggest Stars). Additionally like different artists, Christina was keen on singing and performing from the time she was a little youngster. Her family was additionally melodic, with her mom performing on violin and piano expertly. Christina had a short, two-year spell on The Mickey Mouse Club when she was a youngster, working with different artists who later got renowned, as Britney Spears and Justin Timberlake (Biggest Stars). Christina’s starting music was certainly fly, with her first number one single titled â€Å"Genie in a Bottle. † The single beat both the U. S. what's more, UK diagrams in 1999. For some time longer, Christina proceeded in the pop kind, recording for the film Mulan, and singing another form of â€Å"Lady Marmalade† with a few other female pop stars (Biggest Stars). Christina’s work in the long run started to appear to be less critical to her, and she chose to record her 2002 collection â€Å"Stripped. † The collection was the main that truly gave her experience and impacts. Her remarks about this collection: â€Å"Coming off of the stature of being a piece of such a major pop-rage wonder, that symbolism of that cutout darling, without it being me, I simply needed to bring everything down and get it away from me. What's more, that is the reason I really named the collection Stripped, in light of the fact that it is tied in with being genuinely stripped down and truly uncover to open my inner self and heart. † This collection utilized a wide range of impacts, including soul, RB, rock, hip-bounce and Latin (Biggest Stars). Aguilera’s impacts were like the previous stars referenced. She looked to soul and RB, the two of which are styles commonly recorded by African Americans. The blues part of RB, specifically, is intriguing to note. Aguilera was following in the strides of the other female jazz vocalists with this style. Additionally, like Dinah Washington, Aguilera sang pop (Dinah did fly notwithstanding her jazz roots). When all is said in done, each of the four of these ladies share things practically speaking, and things that are unique. Each grew up under comparative conditions, frequently with generally maternal impacts. Most had a melodic foundation at home. Most grew up poor, and all had an early ability for music and singing. Most additionally had a desire for sex, medications, and some more unpleasant things throughout everyday life, and made some hard memories at some point. Be that as it may, every wa exceptional. Bessie was surely the greatest and generally gruff of the gathering, while Christina remained of the furthest edge as the â€Å"sweetheart† of fly for a little while. Christina was likewise unique in that she was not of African American nice at all, despite the fact that Ethel was additionally half-white. A portion of the artists, to be specific Dinah, had their beginning in gospel music, while others went straight for jazz or pop. By and large, it is intriguing how strikingly comparative the craftsmen are, despite the fact that there are additionally exceptionally huge contrasts in their lives and styles. Their accounts and back

bloggers.addAll( newBloggers);

bloggers.addAll( newBloggers); This summer we (Matt, Kris, Chris, the ‘15s, and I), after a rigorous and emotional selection process, hired, from among 62 applicants (including Snively), four freshman bloggers and two seniors (not including Snively). In addition, we are welcoming a new guest blogger from GEL, the Gordon Engineering Leadership Program. Thank you to everyone who applied. Reading your applications was a huge joy to all of us, and the final decisions were not easy. If you applied and didn’t make it this year, I highly recommend trying again next summer. I got in as a sophomore, the second time I applied. Without further ado, our new bloggersâ€" Freshmen Joe B. ‘18  is from Falmouth, MA, an hour and a half from MIT, where there are faeries and sprites and an undiagnosed dark force. Right now he lives in East Campus. He is planning to major in course 6 or course 18, in part to find out what will happen to the Earth once the rabbit population collectively weighs more than the planet it lives on. Joe is also an extremely talented musician. I tried to listen to one of his songs and I ended up listening to his entire SoundCloud. Here is one of my favorites: Joe wants to show you something that might be cuter than the cutest thing. Joel G. ‘18’s mind palace is his living room floor. He plays by his own rules, which is fine, because there are many ways to skin a rabbit (and besides, his rules are pretty good). His hobbies include breeding carnivorous plants, genetically modified spiders, and dragons. This sentence is a lie. So is the sentence before it. Right now he lives in Burton-Conner and is thinking about majoring in course 6, maybe. Joel wants to show you this. Michelle G. ‘18  is from somewhere in New Jersey, where she may or may not have had a dark, traumatizing life experience involving rabbits. She is a YouTuber, a tumblerer, and a listener of angsty acoustic music. Right now she lives in Senior Haus and is thinking about majoring in course 6-3 and linguistics. Michelle wants to show you her favorite blog post on her second-favorite admissions-related blog. Yuliya K. ‘18  is from Donetsk, Ukraine, where she almost had a pet rabbit, and, more recently, Powell, Ohio. Right now she lives in East Campus, where she recently pulled her first ever all-nighter. Yuliya has an uncommon perspective in and enthusiasm for mathematics; appropriately, she is planning to major in course 18 (theoretical). Yuliya wants to show you something that might also be cuter than the cutest thing. Seniors Chel R. ‘15  lives in Simmons. Her major is a unique combination of the technical and the human: course 21E (CMS and course 6) and course 21W. She has written several novels, and is currently working on another one for her senior thesis. In a past life, she was my roommate at Random. Chel has previously appeared on the blogs to talk about stories in the age of the Internet. You might have met her in the Sherlock fandom, among others. Right now she is really into The X-Files. She wants to show you this video about science. And the rabbits? They were delicious. Danny B.-D. ‘15  grew up a few blocks away from the American Museum of Natural History. Today, he is East Campus historian. Danny is majoring in “8, with EECS classes sprinkled to taste.” He has also appeared on the blogs before: once as EC historian and once as the creator of CourseRoad, an invaluable tool for procrastination planning your future at MIT. Danny wants to show you the thought-provoking making of the machine that makes.  He didn’t tell us much about rabbits, but apparently the teddy bear was almost a possum. GEL Neerja A. ‘16  is majoring in course 6-1 and minoring in theatre. Her professional interests are in optics, electronics, signals, and international development. Through GEL she is hoping to develop the skills necessary to truly apply what she is learning at MIT and take technology to market. My experience with GEL is limited to a guest lecture in 6.UAT by Professor Joel Schindall, co-director of GEL. 6.UAT is course 6’s mandatory soft-skills class. I’m still growing (which has come into stark visibility in my first few weeks as a TA), but the things that I learned about punctuality, public speaking, negotiation, and presenting myself I learned largely from 6.UAT. Dr. Schindall’s guest lecture was specifically about being an effective employee: applying work in the right directions, interacting productively with superiors, and delivering on promises even when the delivery is ostensibly in someone else’s control. There were a few short modules in 6.UAT that ended up having a massive positive impact on the way that I think about the work that I do and the way that I interact with the people around me. One of them was the negotiation section and one of them was Dr. Schindall’s lecture. We had a short conversation after lecture about my non-punctuality (“Hi there! My name is Lydia. I am the least punctual person I know.”) and my work experiences. He was surprisingly appreciative of my honesty and my enthusiasm for growth, and his approval helped me believe in myself enough to improve. I didn’t end up applying to GEL but I am extremely glad to have experienced Dr. Schindall’s lecture. Below is a talk that Dr. Schindall gave at the MIT Club of Northern California. He covers some of the same ideas that he covered in 6.UAT: in particular, I think it’s worth your time to listen to his “A Tale of Two Employees,” which starts at 6:50. That’s all! I’m excited for our seven new bloggers to start blogging soon (immediately, to be specific). They’ll be able to tell you more about themselves and their stories, past and the unfolding future at MIT. Once again, thank you to everyone who applied, and please join me in welcoming our new bloggers!

A Evolving Information Assurance Landscape - 764 Words

1. INTRODUCTION: In a constantly evolving information assurance landscape, it has become increasingly challenging for organizations to protect their information resources. The changing ecosystem in which industries operates, adoption of new technologies by organizations, integration of IT into organization’s core business processes, and substantial increase in the use of internet based services by consumers for daily activities like banking, communications, online shopping etc., pose new threats to organizations. A recent Gartner survey states that 77% of the 500 business leaders of companies having revenues over $1 billion confirmed to increased levels and new types of risks posed by the digital world. Also, majority of the participants agreed that organizations are not investing the required levels for mitigating the new risks (Gartner, 2015). The low cost computing power has also enabled organizations to aggregate a wide variety of consumer information like credit card details, Social Security Number (SSN) etc., which when fallen into wrong hands could jeopardise the security of common people. The cancellation of UK National Identity Card due to this very reason is a classic example of the dangers of collecting personal information of consumers (Davies, 2011). A breach could also result in loss of revenues and credibility to organizations. For example, the data breach at Target in the year 2013 resulted in 46% fall in revenues and costed over $61 million in expenseShow MoreRelatedSecurity Issues Of Cloud Environments : A Survey Essay797 Words   |  4 Pagesbreaking into data centers, malicious employees, and exploits by those in the community who search for vulnerabilities. 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Since such security risks are always going to present in the cyberRead MoreCloud Computing And Its Effect On The Security Of Service Users Data2052 Words   |  9 Pagesof whom providers offering applications for software companies which helps in decrease costs in deployment or nomination( install) of applications.in this project we will be rating SaaS service delivery model, and presenting several advises for evolving the SaaS work and solution for business. and talking about ( how the SaaS increased security issues and challenges) ?! 2- related work and trends According to a Gartner Group estimate, SaaS sales in 2015 reached $150 billion in yearly incomesRead MoreAn International Financial Services Group6096 Words   |  25 Pages2014 †¢ ~2.1% increase in new business profit †¢ Jackie Hunt: new CEO of Prudential UK Europe (Former CEO: Tidjane Thiam ) History of Prudential 1848 Prudential is established as Prudential Mutual Assurance Investment and Loan Association in Hatton Garden, London, offering loans and life assurance to professional people. 1854 Prudential opens the Industrial Department to sell a new type of insurance, Industrial Insurance, to the working classes, for premiums of a penny and upwards. 1871 The Company

Essay about Virtual Situated Learning Environment (VSLE)

There is a embarrassment of changes facing society as new interactive communication knowledge accelerates the achievements of economies of depth. of knowledge holds considerable untapped potential for performance gains. the workplace as being a stable place in a single central location, with normal daily hours confined to 9-5 daylight hours, is being replaced by global organizations (through globally positioned parts of the business, global outsourcing, and/or global supply chains) and global communication networks (email, global blogs, diaries, The new global workplace requires managers factor of production, knowledge, and thus managers manage by the consent of the assist the growing number of knowledge workers to handle a large†¦show more content†¦Despite criticism that the on-line learning environment has the potential to return carefully, the on-line environment it does provide opportunities to design a learning on designing on-line learning opportunities that are cheap er rather than adding value and value-adding on-line learning opportunities that do more than deliver information to use the on-line learning environment to network, share their tacit knowledge, and engage in continuous learning, particularly those located in global workplaces. This learning environment to a focus on re-designed management learning opportunities that opportunities need to cater for the time and place requirements of the global manager. VSLE can be designed to be accessible by all managers at all times and from all parts The focus in this section is on how the on-line environment can be used to design designed to complement rather than replaced the F2F learning environment, and thus our conclusions can only relate to this mixed learning environment. other a practicing manager working as a

Montecarlo Simulation Free Essays

string(115) " random number generator functions as inputs for your model, automates Monte Carlo simulation, and creates charts\." RiskSim is a Monte Carlo Simulation add-in for Microsoft Excel 2000–2010 (Windows) and Microsoft Excel 2004 (Macintosh). RiskSim provides random number generator functions as inputs for your model, automates Monte Carlo simulation, and creates charts. You read "Montecarlo Simulation" in category "Papers" Your spreadsheet model may include various uncontrollable uncertainties as input assumptions (e. We will write a custom essay sample on Montecarlo Simulation or any similar topic only for you Order Now g. , demand for a new product, uncertain variable cost of production, competitor reaction), and you can use simulation to determine the uncertainty associated with the model’s output (e. g. , annual profit).RiskSim automates the simulation by trying hundreds of what-ifs consistent with your assessment of the uncertainties. To use RiskSim, you (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) create a spreadsheet model optionally use SensIt to identify critical inputs enter one of RiskSim’s fourteen random number generator functions in each input cell of your model in Excel 2007 or 2010, choose Add-Ins | Risk Simulation | One Output; in Excel 2003 and earlier versions, choose Tools | Risk Simulation | One Output from Excel’s menu specify the model output cell and the number of what-if trials interpret RiskSim’s histogram and cumulative distribution charts.RiskSim facilitates Monte Carlo simulation by providing: Fourteen random number generator functions Ability to set the seed for random number generation Automatic repeated sampling for simulation Frequency distribution of simulation results Histogram and cumulative distribution charts All of RiskSim’s functionality, including its built-in help, is a part of the RiskSim XLA file. There is no separate setup file or help file.When you use RiskSim on a Windows computer, it does not create any Windows Registry entries (although Excel may use such entries to keep track of its addins). 98 Chapter 10 Monte Carlo Simulation Using RiskSim 10. 2 USING RISKSIM FUNCTIONS RiskSim adds fourteen random number generator functions to Excel. You can use these functions as inputs to your model by typing in a worksheet cell or by using the Function Wizard. From the Insert menu choose Function, or click the Function Wizard button. RiskSim’s functions are listed in a User Defined category.The fourteen functions are: RANDBINOMIAL(trials,probability_s) RANDBIVARNORMAL(mean1,stdev1,mean2,stdev2,correl12) RANDCUMULATIVE( value_cumulative_table) RANDDISCRETE(value_discrete_table) RANDEXPONENTIAL(lambda) RANDINTEGER(bottom,top) RANDLOGNORMAL(Mean,StDev) RANDNORMAL(mean,standard_dev) RANDPOISSON(mean) RANDSAMPLE(population) RANDTRIANGULAR(minimum,most_likely,maximum) RANDTRUNCBIVARNORMAL(mean1,stdev1,mean2,stdev2,correl12, min1,max1,min2,max2) RANDTRUNCNORMAL(Mean,StDev,MinValue,MaxValue)) RANDUNIFORM(minimum,maximum) RiskSim’s RAND†¦ functions include extensive error checking of arguments.After verifying that the functions are working properly, you may want to substitute RiskSim’s FAST†¦ functions which have minimal error checking and therefore run faster. From the Edit menu choose Replace; in the Replace dialog box, type =RAND in the â€Å"Find What† edit box, type =FAST in the â€Å"Replace with† edit box, and click the Replace All button. 10. 3 UPDATING LINKS TO RISKSIM FUNCTIONS When you insert a RiskSim random number generator function in a worksheet cell, th e function is linked to the disk location of the RiskSim XLA file you are currently using.During the current Excel session, the formula bar shows only the name of the RiskSim function. But when you save and close the workbook, Excel saves the complete path to the disk location of RiskSim function. For example, after closing and reopening the workbook, the formula bar might show C:MyAddIns isk240s. xlaRandNormal(100, 10). This is standard behavior for Excel user defined functions like the ones contained in the RiskSim XLA file. When you open the workbook, Excel looks for the RiskSim XLA file using the saved path. If Excel cannot find the RiskSim XLA file at the saved path location (e. . , if you deleted the RiskSim XLA file from the C:MyAddIns folder or if you opened the workbook on another 10. 3 Updating Links To RiskSim Functions 99 computer where the RiskSim XLA file is not located at the same path), Excel displays a dialog box like the one shown below. Figure 10. 1 Excel 2003 Warning To Update Links If you see this dialog box or a similar warning when you open an Excel file, choose the â€Å"Don’t Update† option. The workbook will be opened, but any cell containing a reference to a RiskSim function will display the #NAME? or similar error code.To update the links after the workbook is open, be sure that a RiskSim XLA file is open. Then choose Edit | L inks to see the dialog box shown below. In Excel 2007 or 2010, if you open a workbook with RiskSim functions referring to a RiskSim file location that no longer exists, you may see a warning. In Excel 2007, if you click the Options button of the security warning, you can click OK in the Security Options dialog box to dismiss the warning. Before you update the links, be sure that the RiskSim XLA file is open. In Excel 2007, choose Office Button | Prepare | Edit Links to Files to see the dialog box shown below.In Excel 2010, choose File | Info | Edit Links to Files to see the Edit Links dialog box. Figure 10. 2 Edit Links Dialog Box To update the links, click the Change Source button. A file browser window will open, where you can navigate to the RiskSim XLA file that is open. After you select the file using the file browser, click OK. Back in the Edit Links dialog box, click the Close button. 100 Chapter 10 Monte Carlo Simulation Using RiskSim In Excel 2003 the Edit Links dialog box has a Startup Prompt button. To avoid possible problems when Excel tries to automatically update links while a ile is being opened, we recommend the default â€Å"Let users choose to display the alert or not. † Figure 10. 3 Excel 2003 Startup Prompt Dialog Box 10. 4 MONTE CARLO SIMULATION After specifying random number generator functions as inputs to your model, from the Tools choose Risk Simulation | One Output. Figure 10. 4 RiskSim Dialog Box Optionally, select the â€Å"Output Label Cell† edit box, and point or type a reference to a cell containing the name of the model output (for example, a cell whose contents is the text label â€Å"Net Profit†). Select the â€Å"Output Formula Cell† edit box, and point to a single cell on your worksheet or type a cell reference.The output cell of your model must contain a formula that depends, usually indirectly, on the model inputs determined by the random number generator functions. Leave the Random Number Seed unchanged, or select the â€Å"Random Number Seed† edit box, and type a number between 1 and 2,147,483,647. Use an integer value without commas or other separators. Select the â€Å"Number Of Trials† edit box, and type an integer value between 2 and 32,000. This value, sometimes called the sample size or number of iterations, specifies the number of times the worksheet will be recalculated to determine output values of your model. 0. 5 Random Number Seed 101 10. 5 RANDOM NUMBER SEED The â€Å"Random Number Seed† edit box on the RiskSim dialog box allows you to set the seed for RiskSim’s random number generator functions. The seed must be an integer in the range 1 through 2,147,483,647. RiskSim’s random number generator functions depend on RiskSim’s own uniform random number function that is completely independent of Excel’s built-in RAND(). Random numbers generated by the computer are actually pseudo-random. The numbers appear to be r andom, and they pass various statistical tests for randomness.But they are actually calculated by an algorithm where each random number depends on the previous random number. Such an algorithm generates a repeatable sequence. The seed specifies where the algorithm starts in the sequence. A Monte Carlo simulation model usually has uncontrollable inputs (uncertain quantities using random number generator functions), controllable inputs (decision variables that have fixed values for a particular set of simulation iterations), and an output variable (a performance measure or operating characteristic of the system).For example, a simple queuing system model may have an uncertain arrival pattern, a controllable number of servers, and total cost (waiting time plus server cost) as output. To evaluate a different number of servers, you would specify the same seed before generating the uncertain arrivals. Then the variation in total cost should depend on the different number of servers, not o n the particular sequence of random numbers that generates the arrivals. 10. 6 ONE-OUTPUT EXAMPLE In this example the decision maker has described his subjective uncertainty using normal, triangular, and discrete probability distributions.Figure 10. 5 One-Output Example Model Display 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B Software Decision Analysis Unit Price Units Sold Unit Variable Cost Fixed Costs Net Cash Flow $29 739 $8. 05 $12,000 $3,485 C D E F G H Price is controllable and constant. Normal Mean = 700, StDev = 100 Triangular Min = $6, Mode = $8, Max = $11 Discrete Value Probability $10,000 0. 25 $12,000 0. 50 $15,000 0. 25 Figure 10. 6 One-Output Example Model Formulas 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 A Software Decision Analysis Unit Price Units Sold Unit Variable Cost Fixed Costs Net Cash Flow B 29 =INT(RANDNORMAL(700,100)) =RANDTRIANGULAR(6,8,11) =RANDDISCRETE(E7:F9) =B4*(B3-B5)-B6 102 Chapter 10 Monte Carlo Simulation Using RiskSim Figure 10. 7 RiskSim Dialog Box for One-Output Example 10. 7 RISKSIM OUTPU T FOR ONE-OUTPUT EXAMPLE When you click the Simulate button, RiskSim creates a new worksheet in your Excel workbook named â€Å"RiskSim Summary 1. † A summary of your inputs and the output is shown in cells L1:R9 with the accompanying histogram and cumulative distribution charts. 10. 7 RiskSim Output for One-Output Example 103 Figure 10. RiskSim Summary Output for One-Output Example 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 L RiskSim Date Time Workbook Worksheet Output Cell Output Label Seed Trials M (current date) (current time) (file name) Simulation Model for One Output $B$8 Net Cash Flow 9999 1000 RiskSim  ? Histogram 80 70 60 N O P Q Mean St. Dev. Mean St. Error Minimum First Quartile Median Third Quartile Maximum Skewness R $2,207 $2,816 $89 -$5,917 $184 $2,281 $4,148 $11,291 0. 0409 Frequency 50 40 30 20 10 0 ? 6,000 ? $4,000 ? $2,000 $0 $2,000 $4,000 $6,000 $8,000 $10,000 $12,0 00 Net  Cash  Flow RiskSim  ? Cumulative  Chart 1. 0 0. 9 Cumulative  Probability 0. 8 0. 7 0. 6 0. 5 0. 4 0. 3 0. 2 0. 1 0. 0 ? $6,000 ? $4,000 ? $2,000 $0 $2,000 $4,000 $6,000 $8,000 $10,000 $12,000 Net  Cash  Flow The histogram is based on the frequency distribution in columns I:J. The cumulative distribution is based on the sorted output values in column C and the cumulative probabilities in column D. 104 Chapter 10 Monte Carlo Simulation Using RiskSim Figure 10. 9 RiskSim Numerical Output for One-Output ExampleA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 B Trial Net Cash Flow 1 $2,815 2 -$1,381 3 -$496 4 -$866 5 $5,795 6 -$3,320 7 $3,295 8 $8,360 9 -$2,157 10 $4,313 11 -$1,375 12 $2,198 13 -$744 14 $3,104 15 -$2,814 16 $4,165 17 -$2,575 18 $2,643 19 -$3,676 20 $2,186 21 -$3,492 22 -$847 23 $3,335 24 $4,641 25 $4,814 26 $536 27 -$909 28 $4,477 29 -$597 30 $4,018 31 $3,012 32 $4,590 33 $174 34 $3,257 3 5 $6,952 36 $6,252 37 $4,017 38 $5,386 C D Sorted Cumulative -$5,917 0. 0005 -$5,860 0. 0015 -$5,422 0. 025 -$4,702 0. 0035 -$4,646 0. 0045 -$4,601 0. 0055 -$4,513 0. 0065 -$4,439 0. 0075 -$4,057 0. 0085 -$4,037 0. 0095 -$4,027 0. 0105 -$3,884 0. 0115 -$3,846 0. 0125 -$3,715 0. 0135 -$3,684 0. 0145 -$3,676 0. 0155 -$3,561 0. 0165 -$3,525 0. 0175 -$3,492 0. 0185 -$3,468 0. 0195 -$3,320 0. 0205 -$3,285 0. 0215 -$3,250 0. 0225 -$3,178 0. 0235 -$3,118 0. 0245 -$3,104 0. 0255 -$3,071 0. 0265 -$3,065 0. 0275 -$3,054 0. 0285 -$2,960 0. 0295 -$2,957 0. 0305 -$2,830 0. 0315 -$2,820 0. 0325 -$2,814 0. 0335 -$2,795 0. 0345 -$2,671 0. 0355 -$2,654 0. 0365 -$2,638 0. 375 E F Percent 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 55% 60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 85% 90% 95% 100% G Percentile -$5,917 -$2,459 -$1,405 -$809 -$196 $184 $694 $1,032 $1,442 $1,835 $2,281 $2,634 $2,972 $3,324 $3,737 $4,148 $4,617 $5,142 $5,673 $6,736 $11,291 H I J Upper Limit Frequency -$6,000 0 -$5,500 2 -$5,000 1 -$4,500 4 -$4,000 4 -$3,500 7 -$3,000 11 -$2,500 19 -$2,000 23 -$1,500 26 -$1,000 35 -$500 39 $0 62 $500 47 $1,000 65 $1,500 59 $2,000 64 $2,500 63 $3,000 75 $3,500 65 $4,000 57 $4,500 58 $5,000 49 $5,500 51 $6,000 30 $6,500 22 $7,000 18 $7,500 15 $8,000 7 $8,500 7 $9,000 7 $9,500 2 $10,000 4 $10,500 0 $11,000 1 $11,500 1 $12,000 0In column D, the cumulative probabilities start at 1/(2*N), where N is the number of trials, and increase by 1/N. The rationale is that the lowest ranked output value of the sampled values is an estimate of the population’s values in the range from 0 to 1/N, and the lowest ranked value is associated with the median of that range. Column B contains the original sampled output values. Columns F:G show percentiles based on Excel’s PERCENTILE worksheet function. Refer to Excel’s online help for the interpolation method used by the PERCENTILE function.The summary measures in columns Q:R are also based on Excel worksheet functions: AVERAGE, STDEV, QUARTILE, an d SKEW. 10. 8 CUSTOMIZING RISKSIM CHARTS If the labels on the horizontal axis are numbers with many digits, some of the labels may wrap around so that some of the digits display below the others. One way to remedy this anomaly is to 10. 8 Customizing RiskSim Charts 105 widen the chart (click just inside the outer border of the chart so that eight chart handles are shown and then drag the middle chart handle on the left or right to widen the chart).Another way is to select the horizontal axis (click between the labels on the horizontal axis so that â€Å"Value (X) axis† appears in the name box in the upper left of Excel) and change to a smaller font size using the Font Size drop-down edit box on the the Formatting tool bar. The histogram chart is a combination chart using a column chart type for the vertical bars and an XY (Scatter) chart type for the horizontal axis. The two chart types align properly as long as the horizontal axis retains the same minimum and maximum values. For example, if you want more spacing between the dollar labels on the horizontal axis, select the horizontal axis (so that â€Å"Value (X) axis† appears in the name box in the upper left of Excel), choose Format | Selected Axis | Scale, and change the â€Å"Major unit† from 1000 to 2000. In Excel 2007 or 2010, select the axis, right-click, and choose Format Axis | Axis Options. Do not change the Minimum = –6000 or the Maximum = 12000. The histogram appears as shown below. Figure 10. 0 Original Histogram With Modified Horizontal Axis Major Unit RiskSim  ? Histogram 80 70 60 Frequency 50 40 30 20 10 0 ? $6,000 ? $4,000 ? $2,000 $0 $2,000 $4,000 $6,000 $8,000 $10,000 $12,000 Net  Cash  Flow The cumulative chart is a standard XY (Scatter) chart type, so you can change the major unit as described above, but you can also change the minimum and maximum without affecting the integrity of the chart. Another way to obtain more spacing on the horizontal axis of the histogram or cumulative chart is to use a custom format.For example, if you want to show values in thousands instead of the original units, select the horizontal axis (click between the labels on the horizontal axis so that â€Å"Value (X) axis† appears in the name box in the upper left of Excel), choose Format | Selected Axis | Number | Custom, and enter a comma at the end of the current format shown in the â€Å"Type:† edit box. In Excel 2007 or 2010, right-click the horizontal axis, choose Format Axis | Number, change the Format Code, and click the Add button. After changing the original format â€Å"$#,##0† to â€Å"$#,##0,† and modifying the horizontal axis title, the cumulative chart appears as shown below. 06 Chapter 10 Monte Carlo Simulation Using RiskSim Figure 10. 11 Original Cumulative Chart With Horizontal Axis Custom Format RiskSim  ? Cumulative  Chart 1. 0 0. 9 Cumulative  Probability 0. 8 0. 7 0. 6 0. 5 0. 4 0. 3 0. 2 0. 1 0. 0 ? $6 ? $4 ? $2 $0 $2 $4 $6 $8 $10 $12 Net  Cash  Flow,   in  thousands  of  dollars 10. 9 RANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR FUNCTIONS RandBinomial Returns a random value from a binomial distribution. The binomial distribution can model a process with a fixed number of trials where the outcome of each trial is a success or failure, the trials are independent, and the probability of success is constant.RANDBINOMIAL counts the total number of successes for the specified number of trials. If n is the number of trials, the possible values for RANDBINOMIAL are the non-negative integers 0,1,†¦ ,n. RANDBINOMIAL Syntax: RANDBINOMIAL(trials,probability_s) Trials (often denoted n) is the number of independent trials. Probability_s (often denoted p) is the probability of success on each trial. RANDBINOMIAL Remarks Returns #N/A if there are too few or too many arguments. Returns #NAME! if an argument is text and the name is undefined. Returns #NUM! if trials is non-integer or less than one, or probability_s is less than zero or more than one.Returns #VALUE! if an argument is a defined name of a cell and the cell is blank or contains text. RANDBINOMIAL Example A salesperson makes ten unsolicited calls per day, where the probability of making a sale on each call is 70 percent. The uncertain total number of sales in one day is =RANDBINOMIAL(10,0. 7) 10. 9 Random Number Generator Functions 107 Figure 10. 12 RandBinomial Example Probability Mass Function Probability, P(X=x) 0. 30 0. 20 0. 10 0. 00 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total Numbe r of Sa le s in 10 Ca lls, x Figure 10. 13 RandBinomial Example Cumulative Probability Function 1. 0 0. 9 Cumulative Probability, P(X How to cite Montecarlo Simulation, Papers

The Life Of Ira Remsen Essays - Ira Remsen, Sugar Substitutes

The life of Ira Remsen Ira Remsen was born on February 10, 1846 in New York city. Even though he was born in the United States, he was educated in Germany. He received his M.D. at Columbia University in 1867 and he also earned a Ph.D. at the University of Munich and G?ttingen in Germany. After receiving his degrees, Remsen began his investigation in pure chemistry at the University of T?bingen. It was in Germany and in Europe Remsen did most of his research. In 1876 he returned to the United States where his became one of the original faculty of Johns Hopkins University. There he founded the chemistry department. He was an excellent professor who trained a generation of prominent chemists. He was also the Director of the Chemical Laboratory and secretary of the Academic Council. In 1879, he was the founding editor of American Chemical Journal. Also in that same year, he made a remarkable, accidental discovery with a fellow researcher Constantine Fahlberg when they were working on a derivative of coal tar. One night, after a long day in his laboratory He we was having dinner with wife. When he was eating a regular roll. Remsen noticed that it was quite sweet at first, but it left a bitter after-taste. He made his wife taste the bread and he found nothing wrong or something unusual about the taste. So Remsen decided to taste his fingers and there he found that same sweet then bitter taste despite washing his hands thoroughly after working in his lab. After dinner, he returned to his laboratory and started to taste all the chemicals he was handling. When he found that chemical, it was oxidation of o-toluenesulfonamide and he called it saccharin. In 1880, Remsen and Fahlberg published their findings in the February issue of The Chemical Journal. Many people thought that it was Constantine who discovered saccharin, but he stole the formula from Remsen. When they stopped working together, Constantine patented the formula and became filthy rich. As a result Remsen didn't received any credit for the discovery. Constantine received the recognition that Remsen earned and rightfully deserved. Remsen was furious at first about the matter; it makes my blood boil to see the lies that scoundrel Fahlberg constantly, constantly in print, and to see further, that they are generally believed. Later Remsen would apologize for this outburst. Remsen moved to bigger and better things. In 1901, he was appointed President of Johns Hopkins University, there in that same year, he wrote several important textbooks on chemistry. Remsen also found the School of Engineering at Johns Hopkins. He introduced many German laboratory methods into Johns Hopkins and emphasized the university's function as a research centre. At the time at Johns Hopkins he helped establish the school as a leading graduate science teaching institute in the United States, never seeking fame or fortune for his contributions to science. His work on the research-based Doctoral program at Hopkins was considered important improvement to science in the United States. In 1913, Dr. Ira Remsen stepped down as president at Johns Hopkins University. Remsen still continued to keep chemistry the number one priority in his life. He moved and resided in Carmel, California. Until his passing away on March 4, 1927 of natural causes. Saccharin Saccharin is derived from the Latin word saccharum, meaning sugar. Saccharin is also called Ortho-sulfobenzoic acid imide; the formula is C6H4CONHSO2. Saccharin is a synthetic, white, crystalline powder that melts at 228.08 to 229.7 degrees Celsius and very soluble in water. It is 550 times as sweet as sugar cane. And it is also estimated to have a sweetening power 375 times that of sugar. When saccharin is dissolved in water in large amounts, the solution is very bitter. Sweetness is only evident in a diluted solution. Saccharin cannot be digested by the body and has no food values. Those who are diabetic and people who ate on weight reducing diets use it in place of sugar. They used it for the psychological purpose of satisfying a taste for sweetness. Many critics say that that saccharin can itself stimulate the appetite and the production of insulin in the body. For several years, saccharin has been under investigation as a risk for cancer. It was banned in

Feliz Navidad Essays - Mexican Cuisine, South American Cuisine

Feliz Navidad Essays - Mexican Cuisine, South American Cuisine Feliz Navidad In Mexico they celebrate the birth of Jesus and the coming of the three kings. Their celebrations begin 12 days before Christmas. When reenactments of Virgin Mary searching for shelter occur. The followers grow in numbers until it they all reach a church, where mass is held. In some Hispanic areas they celebrate the holidays on Three Kings Day, which is January 6th. This was traditionally the day that all the gift-giving took place. But now many areas follow the U.S. and exchange gifts on December 25th. Many children now look forward to receiving gifts on both days. The celebration usually begins in the afternoon or at the dinner time when a rosca or two is shared among family members. On Christmas Eve everybody gets together in the zcalo for a night of dancing. Many times families celebrate with the making and eating of tamales. Which I think are absolutely delicious. Les gusta comen los tamales. Les gusta bailan. Les gusta visitan los relatives. Bibliography 1. mexconnect.com 2. www.mexonline.com 3. Comptons Interactive Encyclopedia

Five Things You Dont Know About Africa

Five Things You Don't Know About Africa 1. Africa is not a country Okay. You do know this, but people frequently refer to Africa as though it were a country. Sometimes, people will actually say, â€Å"Countries like India and Africa†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , but more often they simply refer to Africa as though the entire continent faced similar problems or had similar cultures or histories. There are, however, 54 sovereign states in Africa plus the disputed territory of Western Sahara. 2. Africa is not all poor, rural, or overpopulated Africa is an incredibly diverse continent politically, socially, and economically. To get an idea of how people’s lives and opportunities differ across Africa, consider that in 2013: Life expectancy ranged from 45 (Sierra Leone) to 75 (Libya Tunisia)Children per family ranged from 1.4 (Mauritius) to 7.6 (Niger)Population density (people per square mile) ranged from 3 (Namibia) to 639 (Mauritius)GDP per capita in current US dollars ranged from 226 (Malawi) to 11,965 (Libya)Cell phones per 1000 people ranged from 35 (Eritrea) to 1359 (Seychelles) (All above data from the World Bank) 3. There were empires and kingdoms in Africa long before the modern era The most famous ancient kingdom, of course, is Egypt, which existed in one form or another, from roughly 3,150 to 332 B.C.E. Carthage is also well known due to its wars with Rome, but there were numerous other ancient kingdoms and empires, including Kush-Meroe in present-day Sudan and Axum in Ethiopia, each of which lasted for over 1,000 years. Two of the more famous states of what is sometimes referred to as the medieval era in African history are the Kingdoms of Mali (c.1230-1600) and Great Zimbabwe (c. 1200-1450). These were both rich states involved in intercontinental trade. Archeological digs at Zimbabwe have revealed coins and commodities from as far away as China, and these are but a few examples of the wealthy and powerful states that flourished in Africa before European colonization. 4.  With the exception of Ethiopia, every African country has English, French, Portuguese, or Arabic as one of their official languages Arabic has long been spoken widely in northern and western Africa. Then, between 1885 and 1914, Europe colonized all of Africa with the exception of Ethiopia and Liberia. One consequence of this colonization was that after independence, the former colonies kept the language of their colonizer as one of their official languages, even if it was a second language for many citizens.The Republic of Liberia was not technically colonized, but it had been founded by African-American settlers in 1847 and so already had English as its official language.This left the Kingdom of Ethiopia as the only African kingdom not to be colonized, though it was briefly conquered by Italy in the lead-up to World War II. Its official language is Amharic, but many students study English as a foreign language in school. 5. There are currently two female Presidents in Africa Another common misconception is that women are oppressed across Africa. There are cultures and countries where women do not have equal rights or receive respect equal to that of men, but there are other states where women are legally equal to men and have broken the glass ceiling of politics – a feat the United States of America has yet to match. In Liberia, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf has served as president since 2006, and in the Central African Republic, Catherine Samba-Panza was selected the Acting President leading into the 2015 elections. Previous female heads of state include, Joyce Banda (President, Malawi), Sylvie Kinigi (Acting President, Burundi), and Rose Francine Ragombà © (Acting President, Gabon).

The sickness care system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The sickness care system - Essay Example In such a case, it is perceived to handle sicknesses and different kinds of illnesses through research; funding and other medical infrastructure thus deserves to be called as sickness care systems. In addition, healthcare system is associated with research of sufficient information concerning treatment of infectious diseases through dependent laboratories that are of significance to the community. Such a system is mainly concerned by eradication of an infectious syndrome. The engagement of technological and research systems that are geared towards the eradication of infectious diseases enables it to get a reference as a sickness care system (Gumbiner & Gumbiner, 2008). Majority often refer to the United States healthcare systems as sickness care systems simply because the government of the United States often implement a reactive model that is targeted at health and medical care situations. The model entails efforts targeted at forestalling clinical manifestations. Ultimately, prevention has been perceived as the most effective mechanism aimed at improving the societal wellness, healthcare systems help to reduce a bigger percentage of Medicare costs. As such, it is much more related to treatment care systems (Gumbiner & Gumbiner,

IKEA Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

IKEA - Case Study Example Now, employees need motivation because it gives them more reason to work, other than the fact that they need to earn their fixed salaries. They need to have more reasons to get up everyday, go to work and try their best in their tasks. It is important to understand employee behavior because without this, companies would definitely lose profit and gain a deficit in their output. IKEA, a Swedish home furnishings retailer, is known as the world's largest designer and retailer of well-designed, inexpensive, and functional furniture for the home. (IKEA: A Natural Step Case Study 1998) A Dutch-registered organization runs IKEA and it has put in 15% improvement annually in this past ten years. INGKA Holding BV (the umbrella company of IKEA) is wholly owned by the Stitching INGKA Foundation, a non-profit foundation registered in the Netherlands. Millions of customers visit their 378 stores in about 36 countries, with 30 more set to open this year. Most of these stores are located in Asia, Europe, Canada, Australia and the United States. About 11, 000 products in IKEA's line are shown in the 80 million catalogues that they distribute. As for the manufacturing itself, IKEA does this in their own production facilities with the help of their 2400 suppliers in 65 countries. IKEA also boasts of having a hold of employees totaling to 36, 400. In 1943, IKEA was founded by Ingvar Kamprad, then a 17 year-old boy in Sweden. IKEA is an acronym comprising the initials of the founder's name (Ingvar Kamprad), the farm where he grew up (Elmtaryd), and his home county (Agunnaryd, in Smland, South Sweden). (Wikipedia 2008) Kamprad shortly transformed his venture into a mail order service which sells furniture. In 1953, he opened the first IKEA showroom. His primary strategy was to allow for the creation of ground-breaking furniture which would give customers the ease to construct the products themselves and purchase them at an affordable price too. Now, the IKEA employees are at the customers' disposal for inquiries and such but the customers are free to select, order, take and construct what furniture they pick. The money saved by IKEA in expenditures was used to give customers discounts. Not long after, the stores got bigger and eventually started to carry eating places like restaurants and recreational facilities for children like play areas. Kamprad distinctively said in December 1976 that "What is good for our customers is also good for us in the long run." (IKEA: A Natural Step Case Study 1998) What IKEA does Since 1990, IKEA has shown interest and action in putting forth an environmental thrust. With their Natural Step Framework, they aim to create a proper environmental plan. The said plan in effect brings about changes in IKEA's products and services in order to conform to their frameworks principles and demands. In 1992, the environmental policy was transformed into an Environmental Action Plan describing concrete and practical measures for the mid-1990s. (IKEA: A Natural

Interventions for Ventilator Associated Pneumonia

Interventions for Ventilator Associated Pneumonia Ventilator associated pneumonia is defined as pneumonia developing in persons who have received mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours (Shi et al., 2010). It is a major threat to critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation (Feider, Mitchell, Bridges, 2010) and it is the most common complication of patients in Intensive Care Units (Soh et al., 2011). Nosocomial pneumonia is caused by bacteria that colonize within the oral cavity of patients in the ICUs (Ewig et al., 1998). Bad oral health is pivotal in the pathogenesis of this harmful complication (Blot, Vandijck Labeau, 2008). Thus, good oral hygiene measure has a critical role in preventing the spread of these bacteria from the oral cavity to the lower respiratory tract thereby reducing the chances of nosocomial pneumonia (McNeill, 2000 cited in Abidia, 2007). There are a couple of interventions which are recommended to prevent Ventilator – Associated Pneumonia. The Institute of Healthcare Improvement suggested the VAP bundle of interventions in preventing Ventilator Associated Pneumonia. (Fields, 2008) In addition to these interventions, oral hygiene care is a nursing intervention that may also help prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia (Feider, Mitchell Bridges, 2010). Evidence shows that comprehensive oral care is an effective preventive strategy to reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients receiving mechanical ventilation (Cutler Davis, 2005). There are a lot of research studies supporting oral hygiene care in reducing VAP cases among mechanically ventilated patients. In the study of Mori et al., (2006), the incidence of VAP was significantly lower in patients who received oral care than the patients who did not. Similarly, Fields’ (2008) study showed that VAP rate dropped to zero within a week of beginning the every hours tooth brushing regimen in the intervention group. Another study shows that pneumonia, febrile days, and death from pneumonia decreased significantly in patients with oral care (Yoneyama et al., 2002). Various methods and equipment in providing oral care for intubated patients were also studied. Toothbrushes and topical antimicrobials (Binkley, Furr, Carrico McCurren, 2004; Grap, Munro, Ashtiani Bryant, 2003), oral decontamination (Bergmans et al., 2001) and oropharyngeal decontamination with 0.12% Chlorhexidine Gluconate oral rinse (Shi et al., 2010; Tantipong, Morkchareonpong, Jaiyindee Thamlikitkul, 2008; Koeman et al., 2006; Houston et al., 2002; Genuit, Bochicchio, Napolitano, McCarter Roghman, 2001; DeRiso, Ladowski, Dillon, Justice Peterson, 1996) were found to be effective in reducing the bacteria in the mouth and in reducing the incidence of VAP. The AACN (2010) came up with a comprehensive oral hygiene program for patients in critical care and acute care settings who are at high risk for ventilator-associated pneumonia. This includes brushing teeth, gums and tongue at least twice a day using a soft pediatric or adult toothbrush; providing oral moisturizing to oral mucosa and lips every 2 to 4 hours; and using an oral chlorhexidine gluconate (0.12%) rinse twice a day during the perioperative period for adult patients who undergo cardiac surgery. The routine use of oral chlorhexidine gluconate (0.12%) in other populations is not recommended at this time. These interventions are supported by the existing evidence of oral hygiene. Past research studies have focused on assessing the oral care knowledge, attitude and practices among ICU nurses. Studies had shown that ICU nurses lack sufficient knowledge on oral care (Jordan, Badovinac, Ã…  palj, Par, Ã…  laj PlanÄ ak, 2014; Chan Hui-Ling Ng, 2012). The methods used to provide oral care were also found to be varied between nurses in the same unit (Soh et al., 2011; Chan Hui-Ling Ng, 2012). Moreover, the oral care currently provided in ICUs may be ineffective in eradicating dental plaque and respiratory pathogens that may cause VAP to ventilated patients (Binkley, Furr, Carrico, McCurren, 2004). There was also existing discrepancies between reported practices and policies on oral care provided to intubated patients (Feider, Mitchell Bridges, 2010). Though oral care is perceived to be high priority in mechanically ventilated patients, difficulties, problems and barriers still exist in providing the care (Rello et al., 2007; Feider, Mitchell Bridges, 20 10; Soh, Soh, Japar, Raman Davidson, 2011). These challenges include mechanical barriers and equipment issues, perception on the importance of oral care and empathy to patients’ discomfort by nurses, altered patient sensory perception and discomfort, and communication problems. (Berry Davidson, 2006) The existence of variation in oral care practices, the ineffective provision of oral care and the lack of sufficient knowledge of ICU nurses warrants a standardized protocol or guideline that is based on existing evidence. (Soh et al., 2011; Lin, Chang, Chang Lou, 2011) In the past years, Evidence – Based Practice (EBP) is gaining its momentum in the healthcare sector. It has been the focus of discussions and research in the medical field. Its importance to the medical practice has been evident and thus encouraged to be integrated in the practice. However, translating evidence into clinical practice remains a big challenge at the moment. Significant gaps between what is known to improve health, and what is done to improve health is evident (Holmes, Scarrow Schellenberg, 2012). These gaps maybe caused by unawareness or unfamiliarity of clinicians to EBP guidelines or recommendations; or the clinicians disbelief towards the EBP recommendations; or the clinicians personal opinion on the recommended management; or the clinicians’ perception that the guideline is too complicated or difficult to use in their own practices; patient-related factors; and the mentality that altering established practice is often difficult. (Pierson, 2009) Evide nce – based guidelines for providing oral care to patients in mechanical ventilators were formulated by international organizations, but, not all intensive care unit nurses are knowledgeable about it. Past study indicated that nurses lacked the evidence-based knowledge to deliver proper care (Chan, Lee, Poh, Ng Prabhakaran, 2011). In addition, a study also showed that ICU nurses did not follow procedures and steps recommended by current evidence-based practice (Lin, Chang, Chang Lou, 2009). Various knowledge translation strategies such as opinion leaders, audits and feedback, small group consensus, provider reminder systems, incentives, clinical information systems, and computer decision support systems can be utilized to integrate EBP into the clinical world. These knowledge translation strategies should be attempted and researched in clinical setting and should be used to further improve clinical practice. (Ganz et al, 2013) Therefore, the focus of this current research is to translate knowledge of Evidence based oral care practice guideline for mechanically ventilated adult ICU patients to clinical practice using a provider reminder system strategy. Further, it will determine the effect of the provider reminded system strategy in improving the Evidence – Based oral care practices for mechanically ventilated patients among ICU nurses. Provider reminder system is one of the Quality Improvement (QI) strategies. Example of provider reminder system includes reminders in charts for providers, computer – based reminders for providers, and computer – based decision support. (Hughes Hughes, 2008)

Hockey: Nutrition and National Game Essay

Despite the ever-growing popularity of cricket, Hockey has managed to still be the National Game of India. The peak time of Indian hockey team was from 1928 to 1956, when it brought all the six consecutive Olympic gold medals home that were held during those years. Hockey was chosen as the National Game because of the team’s unparalleled distinction and matchless talent at the time. During the phase, India had played 24 Olympic matches and won all of them scoring 178 goals and conceding only 7 goals. The only other achievements of the team later that are worth mentioning are the gold medal in the 1964 Tokyo Olympics and the gold medal in the 1980 Moscow Olympics. The black magic Indian touch and their ball juggling feats have become almost extinct now. Perhaps we need better coaches, more finances and facilities and more practice on Astroturf, which has a faster surface than the grass, where Indians have to practice. It will be a good idea to train the talented children in hockey right from school level, providing them the necessary funds, training and facilities to preserve the Indian glory. Today all the people are interested in playing games such as cricket, football in our country. But people are not showing interest in the game hockey. since hockey our national game. most of the schools and colleges are having ground only for foot ball and cricket. not for hockey. some people wont do no the captain of the hockey game. Not go so far in India study channel there is no category for our national game hockey. So this must be changed . I am not mentioned that playing cricket and foot ball is not a wrong thing but at the same time please give the same importance to the game hockey. There are also subtyoes of hockey have been introduced- like field hockey, ice hockey, roller hockey, street hockey etc. Hockey is a family of sports in which two teams play against each other by trying to maneuver a ball or a puck into the opponent’s goal using a hockey stick. In many areas, one sport is generally referred to simply as hockey. The word hockey itself is of unknown origin, although it is likely a derivative of hoquet, a Middle French word for a shepherd’s stave. [3] The curved, or â€Å"hooked† ends of the sticks used for hockey would indeed have resembled these staves. Junk food Junk food is a derisive slang term for food that is of little nutritional value and often high in fat, sugar, salt, and calories. [1][2][3] It is widely believed that the term was coined by Michael Jacobson, director of the Center for Science in the Public Interest, in 1972. [4] Junk foods typically contain high levels of calories from sugar or fat with little protein, vitamins or minerals. Foods commonly considered junk foods include salted snack foods, gum, candy, sweet desserts, fried fast food, and sugary carbonated beverages. [5] Many foods such as hamburgers, pizza, and tacoscan be considered either healthy or junk food depending on their ingredients and preparation methods. [citation needed] The more highly processed items usually falling under the junk food category. [6] What is and is not junk food can also depend on the person’s class and social status, with wealthier people tending to have a broader definition while lower-income consumers may see fewer foods as junk food, especially certain ethnic foods. Despite being labeled as â€Å"junk,† consuming such foods usually does not pose any immediate health concerns and is generally safe when integrated into a well balanced diet A study in 2008 suggested that junk food consumption alters brain activity in a manner similar to addictive drugs like cocaine and heroin. [9] After many weeks with unlimited access to junk food, the pleasure centers of rat brains became desensitized, requiring more food for pleasure. After the junk food was taken away and replaced with a healthy diet, the rats starved for two weeks instead of eating nutritious fare. [10] A 2007British Journal of Nutrition study found that female rats who eat junk food during pregnancy increased the likelihood of unhealthy eating habits in their offspring. [11] A report published in the Journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology suggests that babies of mothers with a high-sugar and high-fat diet while pregnant are more prone to junk food themselves. The study was conducted on rats and suggests that pups â€Å"whose mothers eat excessive amounts of high-fat, high-sugar junk foods when pregnant or breastfeeding are likely to have a greater preference for these foods later in life. â€Å"[12] Junk food can be appealing for a variety of reasons, including convenience, price and taste. For children, who do not always understand the health consequences of their eating habits, junk food may appear especially appetizing. However, regularly consuming fattening junk food can be addictive for children and lead to complications like obesity, chronic illness, low self-esteem and even depression, as well as affecting how they perform in school and extracurricular activities.

Inchoate Offences A Type Of Crime - 908 Words

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Global Opportunities for Turkey Essay - 1583 Words

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