Raymond’s Run

Tort Cede Bombard Is a heartwarming story about a young girl named Hazel and her little brother with special needs. She realizes that even though her victory is an incredible feat, there are things of much more Importance than winning the 50-yard dash on Held Day. In my opinion, Hazel experiences a coming of age moment when she sees her younger brother running along side her from the other side of the fence, during her signature race.In that Instant she makes It her goal to coach Raymond to track meet stardom; she realizes that welling means more to him than Just another ribbon added to her collection. â€Å"After all, Eve got a roomful of ribbons and medals and awards. But what has Raymond got to call his own? † This quote exemplifies the fact that Hazel is growing tired of taking all the glory and she is starting to recognize Raymond potential. Hazel is able to use her running talents to help improve her brother's running.In Hazel's eyes it would be more inefficacy for her t o use her talents to coach her brother. Helping Raymond increase his confidence and running ability would bring lasting happiness into Hazel's life. â€Å"I'm lumping up and down so glad to see him- my brother Raymond, a great runner in the family tradition. † Finally, Hazel learns that sport isn't only about competition but also establishes friendships and creates character. By the end of the story, Hazel has a change of heart and opens up to the idea of Gretchen her competition, being her reined.The quote at the end is a perfect representation of how sport can bring two completely different people together by finding something in common, â€Å"And she nods to congratulate me and then smiles. And I smile. We stand with this big smile of respect between us. And it's real. † Raymond Run is a powerful story that teaches us that sport goes beyond the aspect of winning. From that single track meet, Hazel learns how to use her talents to benefit others, respect and courage.

Demographic Winter and Its Effects on the Society Essay

Concept Paper Final Draft: â€Å"Demographic Winter and Its Effect on Society† For years, people have in mind that the world’s population has been increasing annually. While it is true that a daily increment of 215,060 and yearly growth of 1.10% is happening on our world population of 7,174,592,903 (United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division, population Estimates, and Projections Sections), the demographic trend is actually changing in contrast to the beliefs of many. Historical events that occurred in the past, particularly the World Wars, have paved the way for the eradication of a large portion of mankind, but it also resulted to population explosion. The Baby Boom, a demographic phenomenon in Western countries, rose to fame wherein rapid growth in population was recorded around 1960s. This is usually ascribed within certain geographical bounds and when the number of annual births exceeds 2 per 100 women (or approximately 2% of the total population size) (Wikimedia Foudation, Inc). As the paper progresses, such belief will be proven as a myth these days. In 1968, Stanford University Professor Paul R. Ehrlich published the controversial book, The Population Bomb which warned of the mass starvation of humans in the 1970s and 1980s due to overpopulation. People grew scared of the idea of a population explosion and its detrimental effects to society. As they acquired the paradigm that babies are burden, a trend not to be sexually active anymore in Western countries was created. This, in turn, resulted to a new demographic occurrence called by demographers as Demographic Winter. Demographic winter is a global phenomenon characterized by population decline in birth rates. The term â€Å"nuclear winter,† popularized in the 1980s, alluded to the catastrophic environ mental impact of a nuclear war. The long-term consequences of demographic winter could be equally devastating (Feder). The Total Fertility Rate, the expected number of children born per woman in her child-bearing years of 2.1, is said to be the point of equilibrium in which a country’s population is neither growing nor decreasing. Essentially, a woman must replace herself and a man. This TFR is important because this only shows that an average woman is able to produce  2.1 children during her lifetime which is needed because some children die before maturity and also to stabilize the number of the population. (Fluctuating Fertility: The Baby Boom and the Baby Bust). When the Total Fertility Rate of a State is 2.1 births per woman who has reached the end of her productive life (that is around 50 years old), the Net Production Rate is 1, that is to say, the state has reach population age stability. When it is not, or is less than the nation’s previous TFR, the nation undergoes the phenomenon called demographic winter. (Fluctuating Fertility: The Baby Boom and the Baby Bust). Although demographic winter is a global incident, geography and the country’s economic status are underlying factors that contributed to what extent and to which nations such an event would occur. Demographic winter is currently more evident in developed countries such as in Europe, Australia, East Asia (Japan) and North America (U.S.), whose populations were the first to mature. Maturity here is defined as the average age of the population relative to the economic development of society. These countries also suffered the worst depopulation during the World Wars and experienced rapid population growth after (Yew). We shall focus more on these countries as we elaborate the concept of demographic winter for the cases which will be mentioned later applies more to their population trends. Of the 1 0 countries with the lowest birth rates, 9 are in Europe. Overall, the European fertility rate is 1.3, well below replacement level (2.1). No European nation has a replacement-level birth rate. Italy’s fertility rate is 1.2. Spain’s is 1.1 (Feder). That means, in the not-too-distant future, these countries will lose half of their people in every generation. Russia’s birth rate fell from 2.4 in 1990 to 1.17 today – a decline of more than 50% in less than 20 years. Each year, there are more abortions than live births in the Russian Federation (Demographic Winter). In U.S. alone, Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is almost 3.5 in the early 1960s, then began declining sharply — to below 3.0 in 1965, to about 2.5 (and temporarily holding steady) in the late 1960s, and down to about 1.8 by the mid-1970s. Hence, the TFR fell by almost half between the early 1960s and the mid-1970s. After a decade of stability at a level of about 1.8, the total fertility rate rose slowly after 1986, reaching 2.08 in 1990. It presently st ands at a little over 2, just slightly below the replacement level of 2.11 (Fluctuating Fertility: The Baby Boom and the Baby Bust). Japan’s TFR has continued to fall since dropping below 2.0 in 1975. It slumped to an all-time low of 1.26 in 2005. The number of babies born in the nation in 2012 fell by 13,705 from the previous year to hit a new low of 1,037,101 (Durden). With such data on hand, we now ask: â€Å"what are the factors that led to demographic winter?† According to the documentary film Demographic Winter: a Decline of the Human Family, fertility decline is caused by (1) economic prosperity, (2) sexual revolution, (3) women in the labour force, (4) Divorce revolution, and (5) inaccurate assumptions. As developed countries continue to rise in their economic status, a paradigm shift among members of the labour force occurs. Previously, babies are considered as blessings and investments by parents. Nowadays, they are viewed by parents as an added expense and burden to them. As standards of living in the urban areas of different countries continue to increase, life becomes harder to sustain. An added mouth to feed is just something that can’t be considered especially by realists. Richer countries want to invest and spend their money on adults, the more affluent, whom they can use for further economic development than children. Sexual revolution is also eyed as a contributing factor wherein Feminism is evident. The number of women in their 20s who had a child in 2012 decreased by 16,200 from the previous year, while the number of births among women aged from 35 to 39 and from 40 to 44 increased by a combined total of about 8,700. As more women are empowered and gain equal treatment in education and employment, they now opt to join the labour force, the corporate world and pursue career paths than devoting themselves to family life. Growing valuable time of working mothers constructed the mindset that they don’t want children, they want jobs instead. The labor force participation rates among married women with children, particularly young children, have been steadily increasing since 1970. In 1985, nearly half of all women with children under age 18 were in the labor force, as compared with less than 40 percent in 1970 (Hayghe). Moreover, the declines in fertility rates, as well as declines in family size, increasing childlessness, and delayed childbearing have freed many women to pursue employment opportunities outside the home. Completed family size, for example, decreased from 2.4 children in 1970 to 1 .7 in 1984 among white women, and from 3.1 to 2.2 children among blacks (U.S. Department of Health And Human Services). With the increase of participation of women in  the labour force, an inverse reciprocal in the fertility rates is also observed. Along with sexual revolution and the greater involvement of women on the labour force, divorce revolution can be viewed as a related contributing factor to the decline of fertility rates. With more women gaining financial and social capabilities in the society, marriage is now viewed as something superficial especially with the legalization of divorce in developed countries such as the United States. Not only has marriage been increasingly pushed to a late age, but once accomplished, marriages are more likely to end in divorce than at any previous time in History. Preston and McDonald (1979) estimated that although 16% of all marriages in the United States in 1915 ended in divorce, 36% of the 1964 marriages will end that way. However, by 1988, the data were suggesting a levelling off at about 43% of marriages ending in divorce (Schoen and Weinick). The Un ited States is certainly not unique in experiencing an increase in divorce probabilities. William Goode, in his book World Revolution and Family Patterns (1993), compiled data for Europe showing that throughout the said continent the percentage of marriages that will end in divorce virtually doubled between 1970 and the mid- 1980s. For example, in Germany in 1970 it is estimated that 16% of marriages would end in divorce, increasing to 30% in 1985. In France, the increase went from 12% to 31% during that same period of time. Australia has experienced similar trends (Weeks). With the said increase in the number of divorce cases, an inverse reciprocal for the fertility rate equals. Thus, divorce revolution is a cause of demographic winter. And lastly, the main culprit for all the causes of demographic winter is the inaccurate assumption made from the increasing population. As mentioned earlier in this paper, Stanford University professor Paul Ehrlich’s controversial book â€Å"The Population Bomb† propagated the idea that the rapid increase in population will eventually lead to population explosion causing food shortage. Such occurrence according to him cannot be sustained by the global community. Malthusian Theory stating that human population grows exponentially while food production grows at an arithmetic rate, made people including Ehrlich that such insustainability and shortage in resources is truly imminent. The predictions came true but not exactly as Ehrlich perceived it. The effects are mainly unfelt in the developed world and food production grew exponentially at a rate higher than population growth in  both developed and developing countries. Food per capita is the highest in history. During the greatest population-growth period in human history, food became cheaper and more abundant (prices dropped up to 70%). Population gro wth rates, on the other hand, significantly slowed down especially in the developed world (Erlich). The sad reality at present is this misconception still lingers on the thoughts of the educated ones. This now resulted to interference of government to population growth by creating and implementing policies that aims to decrease rates of population growth. Examples are Reproductive Health Act in U. S. and One-child policy in China and Singapore. The biggest impact on fertility from the pill was from eliminating â€Å"unwanted pregnancies† by 70% of married woman (Demographic Winter: The New Economic Reality). Secularization is also a factor that affects fertility rates. The anti-Christian, anti-family ideology which can be rooted to the Marxist view of activists currently sweeping across most of Western civilisation has precipitated a culture of death that is slowly but inexorably killing off the human family. Those who believe about meaning of life have children. Those who don’t, don’t (Feder). We can therefore say that all aspects of modernity work against fam ily life and is in favour of singleness, having a small family, or opting to have no child at all. Add up to that none of these problems can be easily fixed. It’s who we are and what we’ve become increasingly in these modern times. But the question here that remains is, if we are experiencing demographic winter, why is that population continues to grow? This now can be attributed to the Alternatives of developed countries to compensate for their declining population which is immigration (esp. on Europe and Australia) (Demographic Winter: The New Economic Reality). Also, the issue of ageing population comes in. What we currently perceive is that death rate is less compared to before. Less people are born but also lesser die thus creating that aged population. Given the origin, definition and causes of demographic winter, let us now focus to its effects on society. This can now be classified into (1) biological, (2) political, and to the (3) economy. However, these can be inter-related. Research has shown that demographics can have a significant impact on countries’ stability, governance, economic development and the well-being of its people (Population Action International). As stated earlier, an ageing population is an issue that can be attributed to  biological effects of demographic winter. In 1998, there was a 48-year lag between births and peak spending of those individuals. Japan is one of the countries to first experience demographic winter after the world war for they did not experience the Baby Bomb, unlike U.S. Developed countries will have this age trap or the said modern inverted pyramid wherein number of grandparents is greater than the number of children. This is in contrast to the trend before wherein the number of children is greater than the grandparents’. With this occurrence, the children will not be able to sufficiently take care of the old due to lack of number. Also, some countries might cease to exist. There are fifty-nine (59) nations, namely, Russia, China, Spain, Portugal, Canada, Italy, Germany, Taiwan, Singapore, and Hong Kong, (Central Inteligence Agency) – with 44% of the world’s population – th at are now experiencing below-replacement birth rates. Worldwide, there are 6 million fewer children (under age 6) today than there were in 1990. The United Nations estimates that if current trends continue, by 2050 there will be 248 million fewer children (under age 5) than there are now. Overall, Europe’s fertility rate is 1.3; a birth rate of 2.1 is needed just to replace current population. In this century, countries such as Italy, Spain, Russia and even France could cease to exist – at least as they’re currently constituted. Demographer Philip Longman (author of The Empty Cradle: How Falling Birth rates Threaten World Prosperity) observes: The on-going global decline in human birth rates is the single most powerful force affecting the fate of nations and the future of society in the 21st century. â€Å"Demographic winter is a great predictor of a country’s fate and future because children are essential for a country’s economic survival,† Longman added. As Japan’s population has aged beyond 48 years old, its consumer spending has steadily declined. Here now enters the effects to economy. Never in history is an ageing population able to develop a prosperous economy (Demographic Winter: The New Economic Reality). Why? The ratio of young to old will shift dramatically and wreak havoc upon existing social security and healthcare systems. The economy at large may also suffer, as the elderly cease spending and a smaller generation of workers is crippled by the taxes needed to support their parents. â€Å"The world this will bring about, according to the filmmakers, is bleak: grandparents left untended and alone in the streets of Europe as intergenerational bonds are  shattered; the potential desolation of small countries such as Latvia, and a worldwide depression that will touch even those countries that don’t disappear under the sheath of snow that the film shows blanketing the entire globe.† (Joyce). So argues Harry S. Dent, Jr., an economist who specializes in â€Å"demographic-based economic forecasting,† and who predicts that the West will follow Japan’s aging population bust. Politically, demographic winter can be associated with the voting body. A political analysis said that political preference reveals that the metaphorical eggs of Republicans rest entirely in one basket: the vote s of older white people. According to the exit polls conducted by the New York Times of the 2012 presidential election, Republican nominee Mitt Romney won 59 percent of white voters, and 56 percent of voters over age 65. The intersection of those two areas is the demographic base of the Republican Party, and it is dying. Markos Moulitsas posited that conservatives’ endeavours to weaken the social safety net have made it harder for these seniors who comprise the Republican base to stay alive (Atkins). While some may still debunk and not accept the fact that such phenomenon is happening, it just happens, and will still continue despite of us shunning the thought of it. Demographic winter is no joke. Further neglect of the declining rates of population growth will soon not only affect political, biological, and economic aspects of society but may also jeopardize even the existence of mankind in the future. I value intellectual integrity and the highest standards of academic conduct. I am committed to an ethical learning environment that promotes a high standard of honor in scholastic work. Academic dishonesty undermines institutional integrity and threatens the academic fabric of the University of the Philippines. And because I believe that dishonesty is not an acceptable avenue to success, I aff ix my signature to this work to affirm that it is original and free of cheating and plagiarism, and does not knowingly furnish false information.† ______________________________ Mary Philline Descalzo Works Cited Atkins, Dante. Daily Kos. 23 June 2013. Web. 29 August 2013. . Central Inteligence Agency. The World Fact Book. n.d. Web. 12 September 2013. . Demographic Winter. n.d. Web. 29 August 2013. . Demographic Winter. Demographic Winter: The New Economic Reality. 2011. Web. 29 August 2013. . Durden, Tyler. Japanese Birth Rate Plunges To Record Low As Death-Rate Hits Record High. 7 June 2013. web. 29 August 2013. . Erlich, Paul R. The Population Bomb. New York: Ballantine Books, 1968. Print. 29 August 2013. Feder, Don. Demographic Winter. 5 March 2008. Web. 29 August 2013. . Fluctuating Fertility: The Baby Boom and the Baby Bust. n.d. Web. 29 August 2013. . Gone for Goode. Dir. Barry Levinson. Perf. Ned Beatty, Richard Belzer, Andre Braugher, Wendy Hughes, Clark Johnson, Yaphet Kotto, Melissa Leo, Jon Polito, Kyle Secor Daniel Baldwin. 1993. Web. Goode, William Josiah. World Revolution and Family Patterns. New York: Free Press, 1963. Document. Hayghe, Howard. â€Å"Rise in mothers’ labor force participation includes those with young children.† Monthly Labor Review (1986): 43-45. Print. 29 August 2013. Joyce, Kathryn. Kathryn Joyce. n.d. Web. 29 August 2013. Population Action International. Topic  » Population Trends and Demography. 2012. Web. 29 August 2013. . Schoen, Robert and Robin M. Weinick. â€Å"The Slowing Metabolism of Marriage: Figures from 1988 U.S. Marital Status Life Tables.† Demography 30 (1993): 737-746. Document. 29 August 2013. . U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES. Vital and Health Statistics. Primary Research Report. National Center for Health Statistics. Hyattsville, Maryland: DHHS Publication, 1986. Web. 29 August 2013. . United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division, population Estimates, and Projections Sections. United Nations. n.d. Web. 29 August 2013. Weeks, John R. â€Å"Population and Contemporary Issues.† Weeks, John R. Population: an Introduction to Concepts and Issues. Ed. Eve Howard. Sixth. Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1996. 338. Print. 29 August 2013. Wikimedia Foudation, Inc. Baby Boom. 25 July 2013. web. 29 August 2013. Wikimedia Foudat ion, Inc. The Population Bomb. 25 August 2013. web. 29 August 2013. Yew, Lee Kuan. Warning Bell for Developed Countries: Declining Birth Rates. 25 April 2012. Web. 29 August 2013. .

Big Data for Fraud Detection in Banking Sector - Free Samples

The detection of fraud in banking sector is an important part to eliminate risks of any cyber-attack or data breach. Banks are often vulnerable to fraud and this affects banks and customers (Flood, Jagadish and Raschid 2016). Most of the frauds in banking sector occur due to either human negligence or any malpractice or system defect. Frauds in banking sector impact customers and bank itself in a very negative way because both banks and customers can lose sensitive data and money. Nowadays, big data analytics has emerged as a game changer in every sector and it provides a more reliable and flexible usage in working of every sector (Fuschi and Tvaronavi?ien? 2014). Banking sector has now started to adopt big data analytics for its operations due to its usefulness, reliability and speed. The purpose of this report is to analyze big data use in banking sector and how big data analytics help banking sector to detect fraud. The outline of the report is data collection and storage system, consumer-centric product design, r mendation system and business continuity plan in case of power outage. The data in banking sector collected are credit card usage details, personal emails sending and receiving or account details or any other regular actions on a daily basis. The data collected are not only from internal source of banking sector but also from external sources which sometimes requires permission from third party. These sources are internet based navigation sites such as social media, Yahoo, Google or Bing. Google and Yahoo provide Gmail and Yahoo mail respectively (Srivastava and Gopalkrishnan 2015). The data are categorized into two types and they are primary data and secondary data. Primary data are information about employees, their head supervisors, managers, senior managers and customers, which are collected for proper functioning of banking sector. Secondary data are information of internal and external behavior and working of banking sector which are collected for different purposes and used for betterment of banking sector (Kim, Trimi and Chung 2014). Both types of data are in the form of structured, semi-structured or unstructured data. Therefore, they are arranged in orderly manner to access and operate easily on each form of data. The data in banking sector are unstructured data mainly and they are plicated to use in its initial form. Big data deals with this type of data and in banking sector, unstructured data are either machine or human generated. Machine generated unstructured data are scientific data or photographs and videos such as security or surveillance photos or images. Human generated unstructured data are internal texts within document files, logs, credit card or debit card details and emails, and website content (Raju, Bai and Chaitanya 2014). The data collection is through various sources are then mined that is data mining is done on the collected data. Data mining is exploring and analyzing of collected data to find data suitable for different purposes in banking sector. Data mining technique is used for five major categories of banking sector. They are customer retention, automatic credit card approval, fraud detection in banking sector, marketing and risk management. Data after data mining is used mainly for risk management and fraud detection in banking sector (Pouramirarsalani, Khalilian and Nikravanshalman 2017). This is explained as when data is stored in storage then big data has features of protecting thes e data from going into hands of fraudsters. Banks have massive amounts of data which needs to be stored in an efficient way. The new storage systems in banking sector for big data provides solutions and they are reconstructing the backup systems with improved performance that will not change the existing backup routine. The second solution is building a Disaster Recovery (DR) system that will help in an emergency case such as disaster or power outage. The third solution is managing data lifecycle for improvement of data utilization efficiency (Chitra and Subashini 2013). The explanation for first solution is to upgrade physical tapes from existing Disk-to-Tape (D2T) mode to the new Disk-to-Disk-to-Tape (D2D2T). The new tape provides more reliability and space to store data of size more 9TB and has high backup speed. The description of second solution is new Disaster Recovery system which is built after upgrading local backup system using tape. The Disaster Recovery system is used for storing data at different location in banking sector. The full back up in first solution using tapes is further stored in storage system that is Disaster Recovery system (Jones, Aggarwal and Edwards 2015). The storage is done by identifying unique blocks of huge data and store in Disaster Recovery system. The next backup is done to match the unique block with the blocks stored in the system to destroy duplicate data and then save all unique data. The leftover data is again checked so that no data is left vulnerable to any fraud. The left over data is also checked to analyze if any data can be effective for future purpose. The third solution is that the data is processed and stored on peripheral system and near-line data (twenty to thirty days old) is backed up regularly and stored on disks (Rao and Ali 2015). These data is tested for integration and effectiveness and to recover if any fault occurs. The long- term data (ninety days old or older ) is backed up regularly and stored on physical tapes. Both the data is then stored at different locations in Disaster Recovery system. This new storage system solution helps in better backup performance, recovery process is quick, and data storage is multi-level. The long-term relationships with customers will require fulfilling demands and needs of customers. This is achieved through customer relationship management (CRM) systems. Customer relationship management is used by organizations to optimize contact with customers and build long-term relationships (Elgendy and Elragal, 2014). The various ways are telephone calls or emails to attract and retain customers. Customer relationship management system is based on infrastructure of customer data and information technology. Electronic customer relationship management systems provides all ways of munication with the customers. The ways are sales, delivery, email, online marketing and purchasing, online banking or many other online services. Customer relationship management system in banking sector is achieved by maintaining relationships with existing customers and creating relationships with new customers (Dalir et al. 2017). The benefits are providing better service to existing and new custom ers and identification of specific values related to each sector of the business environment and existing or new customers. The other are dividing different market segments to improve long-term relationships with target customers and service fees which is charged increases revenue for banking sectors. The additional benefits are implementation of this system helps in increasing customer satisfaction and their loyalty and interest rates are increased to attract more customers (Baesens, Van Vlasselaer and Verbeke 2015). The seventh one is online advertising to attract customers and increased effectiveness and classification of customers. Electronic customer relationship management system in banking sector has a structure which is based on two factors and they are trust and satisfaction. They are mitment, loyalty, customer retention, and r mendation willingness. The other factors which construct the system through customer’s point of view are information, convenience and munication channel (Srivastava and Gopalkrishnan 2015). Trust is important for customers and bank relationship and the trust is referred to protection of every individual’s bank account details and credit card or debit card details. Customer satisfaction is a quality in bank and customer relationship that will help them to trust on banks. Customer satisfaction in bank is very important to retain existing customers. mitment is to partner close relationship with customers for valuable effort. Loyalty provides future benefits to banking sector even when there is a strong petition (Moro, Cortez and Rita 2015). Loyalty is a mitment to banks f rom customers to deal with them. Loyal customers will also r mend particular banks to their relatives or customers. Customer retention is important as exiting customers are more profitable than new customers. Therefore, fulfilling needs of existing customers is more important. The above factors help customers to willingly r mend services of bank to others as they are satisfied with services of bank. Information is correct, accurate or updated are not is necessary for the structure of the system. Convenience is important as customers will e after considering location of bank (Greenberg 2014). Geographic location of bank with working hours and others are included in the system. munication channel like mobile, ATM, text, e-mail are used by customers to know bank services. R mendation system is used as a tool in banking sector to help customer by giving service when bank employees are not available on a particular time. R mendation system provides precise and timely information to customers. The system is virtual consultant to customers providing better information and services (Ravi and Kamaruddin 2017). The r mendation system can be explained by the following process. The system analysis provides specifications that are authenticated with username and password for logging into system and questionnaire type survey for the user regarding product interest. The next two specifications are giving advice to user after the pletion of interview and when there is query regarding search engine, explanation term should be there in the search engine (Lin et al. 2015). The last two specifications are to provide answers by the expert to questions by the customer and also update the knowledge base in system (Davenport and Dychà © 2013). The system design contains human expert, knowledge acquisition facility, knowledge base, inference engine, working memory, user interface and the user. This is the system bank follows in r mendation system. R mendation system is tested using black-box and white-box testing to know that the system is properly functioning and also integrated (He, Tian and Shen 2015). The testing is also done to ensure satisfactory working of every feature. The testing is done on the database so that the data can be accessed with respective attributes and required data can be fetched. The application is important in r mendation system because it provides a platform for direct munication of user and banking sector (Ng and Kwok, 2017). This is a place where user can register and then they can login with username and password. This is a place where user can get details about banking process in about us section and also contact details of bank in contact us section. The system design is implemented in application and the working of system structure is defined in application. These are the features and functions of r mendation system and this helps in clearing customer’s doubts and queries. The customers can also give feedback in r mendation system (Flood, Jagadish and Raschid 2016). The r mendation system in banking sector are developed using information system and are also called expert system in other sectors. Survival of online business in case of power outage or any other disasters is a major discussion for any banking sector. The business continuity plan has four steps in banking sector and they are business impact analysis, risk assessment, risk management and monitoring and testing. The first step is business impact analysis that helps to identifies critical business functions and impact of loss of functions for example operational and financial on banking sector. This process is analyzed by senior management representatives and board of directors. The business impact analysis is required at times when there is disruption in power outage and any disaster (Harvard Business Review, 2017). The second step is risk assessment which helps to determine cause of power outage or other disasters. Senior management analyzes the risk through risk assessment processes and then develop program to tackle the risks. The third step is risk management which is important to develop and maintain business continuity plan in baking sector. Risk Management in banking sector is based on first two steps that is business impact analysis and risk assessment (West and Bhattacharya 2016). These realistic events can be formally declared and updated by senior management annually to employees in banking sector. The fourth step is monitoring and testing which is a confirmation to business continuity plan in banking sector that all the steps are revised and evaluated without overlooking any significant changes. This step is finally evaluated by senior bank management (Forbes 2017). This is when they can mit necessary workforce, budget and time to test the program for validation of business continuity plan in an event of any disruption in banking sector. The above discussions conclude that fraud detection in banking is a very important process and big data analytics is used in banking sector for fraud detection techniques. The discussions shows that the data collection system in banking sector is plicated as there are huge data sets in banking sector. The data collected need to be stored in places where there is security and proper storage place to be chosen. The actions to be taken on collected data that is services to customers and system to r mend customers are also discussed. The business continuity plans on the basis of possible disruptions were the key points of this report. The report overall concludes that implementation of big data and big data analytics is necessary for banking sector. Big data and big data analytics are used to collect data and store and finally use for various purposes in banking sector. Banking sectors regularly produce huge data that are sensitive and can be controlled through big data and big data anal ytics. Therefore, it can be concluded that big data and big data analytics can help banking sector to detect fraud and prevent the risks of fraud using various processes. Baesens, B., Van Vlasselaer, V. and Verbeke, W., 2015.  Fraud analytics using descriptive, predictive, and social network techniques: a guide to data science for fraud detection. John Wiley & Sons. Chitra, K. and Subashini, B., 2013. Data mining techniques and its applications in banking sector.  International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering,  3(8), pp.219-226. Dalir, M., Zarch, M.E., Aghajanzadeh, R. and Eshghi, S., 2017. The Role of e-CRM in the Quality of Customer-Bank Relationship.  Human Resource Management,  4(2), pp.12-22. Davenport, T.H. and Dychà ©, J., 2013. Big data in big panies.  International Institute for Analytics,  3. Elgendy, N. and Elragal, A., 2014, July. Big data analytics: a literature review paper. In  Industrial Conference on Data Mining  (pp. 214-227). Springer, Cham. Flood, M.D., Jagadish, H.V. and Raschid, L., 2016. Big data challenges and opportunities in financial stability monitoring.  Banque de France, Financial Stability Review,  20. Flood, M.D., Jagadish, H.V. and Raschid, L., 2016. Big data challenges and opportunities in financial stability monitoring.  Banque de France, Financial Stability Review,  20. Forbes . (2017).  Forbes We e. 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In  MAICS(pp. 103-108). Jones, S., Aggarwal, A. and Edwards, H., 2015. Creating Futures Through Research–Meeting Challenges, Embracing Opportunities & Delivering Impact. Inaugural Collaborative Research Conference, INtel Institute of Higher Education, Nairobi. Kim, G.H., Trimi, S. and Chung, J.H., 2014. Big-data applications in the government sector. munications of the ACM,  57(3), pp.78-85. Lin, C.C., Chiu, A.A., Huang, S.Y. and Yen, D.C., 2015. Detecting the financial statement fraud: The analysis of the differences between data mining techniques and experts’ judgments.  Knowledge-Based Systems,  89, pp.459-470. Moro, S., Cortez, P. and Rita, P., 2015. Business intelligence in banking: A literature analysis from 2002 to 2013 using text mining and latent Dirichlet allocation.  Expert Systems with Applications,  42(3), pp.1314-1324. Ng, A.W. and Kwok, B.K., 2017. Emergence of Fintech and cybersecurity in a global financial centre: Strategic approach by a regulator.  Journal of Financial Regulation and pliance,  25(4), pp.422-434. Pouramirarsalani, A., Khalilian, M. and Nikravanshalmani, A., 2017. Fraud detection in E-banking by using the hybrid feature selection and evolutionary algorithms.  IJCSNS,  17(8), p.271. Raju, P.S., Bai, D.V.R. and Chaitanya, G.K., 2014. Data mining: Techniques for enhancing customer relationship management in banking and retail industries.  International Journal of Innovative Research in puter and munication Engineering,  2(1), pp.2650-2657. Rao, K.V. and Ali, M.A., 2015. Survey on Big Data and applications of real time Big Data analytics. Ravi, V. and Kamaruddin, S., 2017, December. Big Data Analytics Enabled Smart Financial Services: Opportunities and Challenges. In  International Conference on Big Data Analytics  (pp. 15-39). Springer, Cham. Srivastava, U. and Gopalkrishnan, S., 2015. 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Law Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Law - Term Paper Example Consequently, copyright law functions more as a tool to defend creators and not as a system promoting innovation and creativity. Indirect infringement in the US comes under vicarious liability (Shapiro, Bernstein v. HL Green 326 F.2d 304 (2nd Cir. 1963)) and/or contributory liability (Sony Corp. v. Universal City Studios, 464 U.S. 417 (1984)). Where as, in Canada indirect infringement is known as secondary infringement. At the same time with regard to "fair use" doctrine this doctrine can be used in the US in a very broad sense than in Canada. This means that the provisions of fair use are more liberally interpreted in the US than they are in Canada. This is the background of the discussion for this paper. The most important factor of copyright law is linked to the public interest. Copyright law actually protects and for ever tries to equalize the requirement for motivators for creativeness and the requirement to allow society to approach works created (B Kaplan, 1967; P Goldstein, 1970; R C Denicola, 1979; M J Radin, 1982; D Baird, 1983 and I E Novos and M Waldman, 1984). Widening the security rendered by copyright furnishes better incentives for generators, but constricts the public area, that is, the general cultural resources to which the public has contact. Bringing in the right balance linking adequate incentives for originality and limiting the public domain has at all times been, and yet is, one of the major tests of copyright law. The Canadian and US laws look very different on their face as one anticipates different consequences in both the countries with regard to infringement of copyright laws. This is true only to a certain extent. Therefore, when a report is published by the Canadian government or a group which is the agent of the crown can claim copyright of the report in Canada (Dableh v. Ontario Hydro, 1993)i. Whereas the same report, if published by any arm of the US federal government, cannot claim

Aristotle on property and family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Aristotle on property and family - Essay Example According to the theories of Socrates, there should be no private property in the ideal community. Aristotle had a different point of view on this issue. He supposed that women and children belong to some male individuals and therefore can also be referred to as property. It is possible to imagine what will happen if all citizens would have the right to use the wives and children of each other. Aristotle has limited the sharing of property to several cases which would bring the benefits to the state. For example, he explained when the soil can be common (Lear 214-215): (1) the soil can be common and the products from it can be used for common consumption; (2) the soil can be common only if it is cultivated in common and the products are divided among the individuals for the private purposes. Aristotle has made one important point which makes it clear that common sharing of goods will not be beneficial for the state. When people share equally all of the benefits, those who labor much will always be dissatisfied with those who labor less but receive the same reward. As Aristotle has noted, it has been always very difficult for the men to have all human relations in common.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 232

Assignment Example At the same time, they wanted a departmental reward whereby their departments would be praised for the attainment of the overall aim that the hotel wanted to achieve. The managers initially thought that there was going to be a solution to the problem they were facing my making the employees wear their nametags. In the assumption of the managers, the nametags would make the employees look sharp and professional. As the hotel wanted to raise its status, such a universal practice would help them attain the coveted status. They also thought that the nametags would help them identify employees whose efforts were not helping the company so these could be punished. As the ultimate goal of the managers was to engage in a departmental blame game, the motivation of the employees not to wear the nametags came from the fact that the wanted to be scapegoats. As much as the managers were finding ways to blame the employee, the employees were also finding ways to stop this from happening. The employees were also worried that there was not telepathy between the employees and the managers that would make it possible for them to get assistance from the managers. To find the real problem, a number of Power of Pause practices were used. In the first place, there was an opportunity given to the staff to explain their point. This was a very important practice to avoid the assumptions being used to determine what the problem was. What is more, there was a very healthy interaction that was free from blames and excessive complains. Even where the points of the staff were not clear, they were given the opportunity to express themselves well. The employees were willing to talk about their fears because they thought that expressing their opinions would help solve the problem. What is more, the employees were scared that the propaganda agenda in place could actually have an impact on them and thus

Managerial Applications of Technology (Emerging IT Trends) 2 Assignment

Managerial Applications of Technology (Emerging IT Trends) 2 - Assignment Example This can therefore be termed as the current trend in business. It is important that a business adheres to emerging trends in all aspects. Adhering is not sufficient; rather, there are certain advantages which come with adopting them earlier. These include being ahead of competitors, or reaping the most out of business before the said information technology trend expires or is shared amongst many users. This means that waiting to see how an emerging trend will transpire is not the best idea since a business entity may end up adopting it late, or after competitors have gained the upper hand (Reynolds, 2010). There are, however risks involved, such as adopting the information technology trend, then it fails, or does not auger as expected. This therefore categorizes the trend as a risk. One potential occurrence is that an organization may adopt an emerging trend which may not be acceptable, or may impact negatively on it. For example, a business may convert to an online entity upon which there may be less client visits or sales since technology is not available to everyone. It is therefore important that managers take caution before embracing emerging (new) information technology trends. Certain considerations can be made, such as â€Å"testing† them before applying them (Doyle, 2000). These can be done by analyzing or forecasting what is likely to emerge from the application of a certain emerging trend. These would be effective in countering losses or inconveniences which may arise from applying the new trends, which lack experience. High, P. (2013, October 14). â€Å"Gartner: Top 10 Strategic Technology Trends for 2014.† Forbes. Retrieved on 4 July, 2014 from

Practical Storage Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Practical Storage Management - Research Paper Example According to the research all things that can be kept or regained on the AS/400 system is kept in an object. There are several distinct object types like files, libraries, queues, executable programs, user profile, and others. Every substance has certain common attributes like type, name size, data developed, description, and owner. The object-leaning concept permits the system to undertake some standard operations, like authorization management on all substance types, in the same manner. Besides, as already mentioned, it complains of AS/400 information against accidental corruption, since only operations linked with the determined substance type are permitted. In order to systematize AS/400 substances additionally, all substances are held in a library. A library refers to an OS/400 substance of type *LIBRARY, that is employed to group other substances jointly. Libraries are systematized at a one-level hierarchy, unlike the directory structure acquired on personal computers or in the UNIX operating system, which have a multi-level pecking order (Handoll, Cameron, Mak and Finnegan 83). This clearly implies that no library can hold another library substance, with a single exemption, the QSYS system master records. This is the main library that holds all the other libraries on the AS/400 system. Essentially, there are three distinct types of libraries: QSYS – system master library, system supplied libraries (all IBM-supplied library names begin with Q or #) and user described libraries. (Kroenke and David 62). To locate an AS/400 substance, it is orientated by the library name and the substance name (LIBRARY/SUBSTANCE). An individual also requires the substance type to extra ordinarily recognize the object. Two or more substances can possess similar name, but they must be of distinct types (Kembel 51). This means that in a library, there can be a program termed as MAY and a data file (physically file) termed MAY, but there cannot be two agendas with similar name as MAY. Moreover, a substance can only be present in one library. Among all these substances, there is a substance of type *FILE, also referred to as a physical file, that holds data in the form of database, a device data, or a selection of associated libraries that are controlled as an entity (Gray and Reuter 23). These substances are split into two elements: the data illustration, employed to define the substance, and the data portion, which holds the real data kept on the system. A substantial file is a record-oriented, and data documents can be arranged into members within a substantial file. A substantial file can hold one or more affiliates. These affiliates are not substances themselves; rather, they are separations of an object (Crotty et al. 41). This clearly shows that all affiliates of a substance share similar

How Quantum Technology Will Improve Our Future Essay

How Quantum Technology Will Improve Our Future - Essay Example Hitherto, it has taken more than 250 years since the initial mega application of the concept. But presently, it has a far greater meaning as scientist have worked on numerous quantum theories and calculations to come up with many Quantum applications. Quantum technology has shaped human lives and will continue to modify or transform our lives in various ways that even some we may not be conscious of. Thesis: Quantum technology has impacted positively to our lives and will continue to improve or have greater positive impacts on our future lives. Quantum future in health According to Kaila, & Kaila (2010) with regard to the field of health, quantum technology provides humanity with health care via MRI. Quantum Technology and health have always had a noble correlation. Archeologists and historians point that surgeries initially took place around 3300BCE as the Indus Valley Civilization presently forming part of Pakistan and India. Although many theories linking quantum concept and healt h came and went, the advancement of health and its dependent on this technology never grow weaker. presently and even in future times, high level machines applies and will continue to apply photons and other quantum concepts to carry out medical tasks. For instance, equipment such as Stethoscope is highly applied in listening to one’s heart, while X-ray machines are used for determining any broken parts of our body in conjunction to many applications meant to make future human life better (Anwar, 2007). Quantum future in lighting bulbs Future application of the quantum technology in our lives is also seen in the lighting bulbs. With the era of the incandescent light bulb disappearing speedily, the holy grail of the lighting industry is to come up with a highly effective form of solid-form lighting that forms high superiority white light. Chemists have found out that white-light quantum dots are one of the few options of quantum technologies that produce pure white light. In f act, they predict that these ultra-small bright beads of cadmium selenide can change the blue-light formed by a Light Emitting Diode into a warm white light with a spectrum comparable to that of incandescent light. However, they have continue to warn that dense fluorescent tubes and majority of white light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) release a mixture of monochromatic colors, which fake white-light. Nearly a decade ago, when white-light quantum dots were invented accidentally in a Vanderbilt chemistry lab, chemists projected that it would be difficult to raise it to practical levels as its efficiency was extremely low for any commercial applications (Gerber, 2007). Presently however, Vanderbilt researchers have confirmed that they have successfully improved the fluorescent efficacy of these nanocrystals from an original level of 3 per cent to as high as forty five per cent. This implies that given the ever dynamic quantum applications, the future advancement of this application is guaran teed as the there is a possibility and room for boosting the efficiency of nanocrystals to above 45 percent. Hence, this efficiency of phosphors suggests that white light quantum dots would be practical in future for some superior lighting applications necessary for commercial purposes. The overall measure for efficiency of lighting devices is known as luminous efficiency and it determines the amount of visible light that a device can produce per unit of watt.

Duke Used Car Dealer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Duke Used Car Dealer - Assignment Example The Executive Summary has to be persuasive, easily readable and at least two to four pages. The second is company analysis;  this section provides a strategic overview of the company and describes how the company is organized, what products and services it offers or will offer, and goes into further detail on the company's unique qualifications in serving its target markets. Third is industry analysis;  This section evaluates the playing field in which the company will be competing and includes well-structured answers to key market research questions such as the following: What are the sizes of the target market segments? What are the trends for the industry as a whole? With what other industries do your services compete? Fourth is analysis of customers; the Customer Analysis section assesses the customer segment(s) that the company serves. In this segment, the company has to express the desires of its objective clienteles. It then has to show in what way its merchandises and ser vices gratify these desires to a degree that the client will recompense for them. The fifth and last is Analysis of Competition;  this section defines the competitive landscape of your business. It detects who the direct and unforeseen opponents are, evaluates their abilities and flaws and outlines the company's competitive leads. 3. A major factor that differentiates an S corporation from an LLC is the employment tax that is paid on earnings (Chrissie 2011). The whole net income of the business is conditional on self-employment tax. In an S corporation, just the wage remunerated to the employee-owner is open to employment levy. The residual income that is remunerated as a supply is not under the employment levy in IRS guidelines. Consequently, there is the probability to attain considerable employment levy savings. In addition,  when it comes to operation control, S corporations have board of directors while LLC may be member-managed or manager-managed. In terms of flexibility or simplicity of operation, LLC is easier but S corporation are subject to some formalities and record keeping rules like traditional C corporations. 4. There are advantages and disadvantages of purchasing a permit. According to Matthew (2008), a new charter can be a part of what you are, as compared to an identity and system that is old and established and so inflexible. A new franchise suggests a chance to be innovative and relevant to the present. It will be exciting and a challenge. 5. The positive aspects, as explained by Justyn (2012), of buying an existing business include positive cash flow, an established client base and an established brand. Negative aspects for buying an established business comprise the potential for old equipment and potentially having to fire a number of employees. 6. Duke could be suggested for an LLC that has s corporation characteristics, that is, the levy treatment of an S corporation. But like the simplicity of an LLC, there is an alternative wort h considering; forming an LLC that is taxed as an S corp. An LLC may make a special balloting with the IRS to be levied as an S corp. This election is made on IRS Form 2553 and has to be cased with the IRS earlier than the 16th day of the third month of the tax year in which

General Muslim Religion Essay Example for Free

General Muslim Religion Essay Islam is the world’s second great monotheistic religion (Armstrong, 2002). Islam, an Arabic word, comes from a root word meaning commitment or surrender: hence the foundation of Islam is submission to the will of the Only God, Allah. The word ‘Muslim’ also itself means ‘one who lives his life according to Allah’s will (Esposito, 2002). Allah also has laid down the five pillars of foundations of Islam which are: 1. Confession of faith (shahada): the basic idea of Islam which is submission to Allah’s will 2. Prayer (salat): An exercise done five times daily to remember Allah’s influence in a Muslim’s life 3. Fasting (Roza): In the month of Ramadan for a month 4. Almsgiving (Zakat): Annually by rich Muslims at the rate of 21/2% of wealth 5. Pilgrimage (hajj): Once in a lifetime What holidays or events are important to your religion and why? The Muslims follow the Islamic calendar which is based on the position of the moon and their holidays fall accordingly to it. This includes 1. New Year which for them is the first day of Hijra (migration) when we celebrate Prophet Muhammad’s departure from Mecca to Medina in AD622 2. 12th Rabi-ul-awwal that is the birthday of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) 3. Shab-e-Baraat (night of forgiveness): In preparation of Ramadan, Muslims seek to forgive old grievances against each other and beg for mercy from their Lord 4. Lailat-ul-Qadr (night of power) when the Holy Quran was revealed to the Holy Prophet. It takes place on the 27th of Ramadan. 5. Eid-ul-Fitr which takes place after Ramadan and is like Christmas to the Muslims 6. Hajj: The pilgrimage which constitutes the fifth pillar of Islam is one of the most important events in the Muslim calendar and takes place in the month of Hajj 7. Eid-ul-Azha: Another Christmas type celebration which celebrates the end of the Meccan pilgrimage and animal sacrifices are made during the three days How does your group handle conflict? What are some examples of conflict? If there are criminal or family conflicts, they can be resolved through Islamic courts which decide the cases according to Shariah or the Islamic law. These are practiced in almost al Muslim countries though such Shariah courts are disallowed in western countries and over there Muslims must follow the law of the country they are residents of. One of Britain’s MPs recently suggested that Shariah courts be allowed in Britain also but this created uproar by non-Muslims who were afraid of Islamization. Other then that, if the solution of an issue is not mentioned in the Quran or its explanation is murky, knowledgeable Islamic scholars gather together to find an answer to a certain problem and it then becomes a rule of the Shariah. This practice has been prescribed by Allah to keep Islam updated with emerging problems in this fast changing world. What is the focus of your religion? The focus of Islam for Muslims is again submission to Allah’s will. This can be done through reading, understanding and following the word of God, which Muslims believe to be the Holy Quran. They should also follow the teachings of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) called the Sunnah and only then can they live the life of a true and complete Muslim. For the Western world though, the focus of Islam has always been its fascist beliefs and what they consider to be its outdated traditions, not understanding that there is only a minority of Muslims who distort the name of Islam by interpreting it so harshly. Who are your current leaders? Who are leaders of the past? Like most religions, Muslims have also had pious men of God lead them by example. There have been a total of 124000 prophets sent by Allah though the Quran only mentions 25 of them. The first prophet was Hazrat Adam and the final and undoubtedly the greatest prophet was our last prophet, Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH). Allah revealed in the Quran that no more prophets shall come after the Holy Prophet (PBUH). After the prophets, came numerous Caliphs or religious leaders. Currently, tough there are learned Islamic scholars in the Muslim world; there are no leader as such. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) in the words of Allah was the Seal of the Prophets. How do your members participate and what is expected? All Muslim males are required to congregate in a mosque for the five daily prayers, especially the afternoon Friday prayers (Clark, 2003). For Muslim women, assembly in mosques is not mandatory. Other then that, all Muslims are required to uphold the basic principles of Islam by fulfilling all their obligations. Are there any special requirements, such as fasting, personal sacrifice? Fasting is the third pillar of Islam and without fasting, a Muslim is incomplete. It is prescribed for Muslims in the form of a month long abstinence from food and drink, accompanied by intense devotional activity. Physical relations and swear words are also prohibited to be performed or uttered. Similarly, smoking, losing temper, telling lies and all negative activities are also discouraged. Fasting, as is made clear by Allah, is not to be taken as self torture but mainly a way for Muslims to learn about patience, fortitude and self sacrifice and also to realize the plight of the needy and poor. During Eid-ul-Azha, Muslims are also required to sacrifice goats in God’s way and share the meat with the poor. Where do you see your religion in 25 years? What changes have occurred recently? Keeping in mind the fast growing popularity of Islam, I see Islam in 25 years, as the world’s largest religion. This is because as the concept of religion is dying in the west and more churches are being converted to museums and restaurants, Muslims, now more than ever are embracing their faith with a greater fervency and non-Muslims are also converting to Islam which they accept as a complete way of life and not just a religion. Muslims have now grown more receptive to Western ideas and Ijtehad or consensus helps keep Islam updated with the modern world. How has the modern world changed the direction and or movement of your religion? The recent of War on Terror, which often tends to depict Islam as a rigid and extremist religion has resulted in more Muslims delving deeper to understand their religion (Lewis, 2004). This has led to increased knowledge of Islam and a growing number of Muslims defending their faith as actually a very flexible one. My religion’s name has been besmirched by a few misguided individuals who believe suicide bombings and terrorist activities are completely acceptable in the eyes of God which is not at all the case. Islam’s very basis is peace. Are there any other validated forms of the religion practiced? What are some of the factors that have contributed to changes in ideas or customs? The Muslim sect is predominantly divided into Sunnis (around 80%) and Shiahs. The major difference between them is the way in which divine guidance is discovered. Sunni Muslims take their stand on the consensus of the community making known the Sunna (Holy Prophet’s example) of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). Shiah Muslims look instead to inspired teachers and Imams who are descendents of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). Other sects include the Aghakhanis who are followers of the Aga Khan who considers himself a spiritual leader sent by God. His followers believe the five pillars of Islam to be non-mandatory, preferring to give charity to the poor instead. They don’t share the Muslim taboo associated with drinking. Many believe theses changes have occurred due to undue influence of the West. Other sects are the Qadianis and Bohris. Conclusion Muslims all over the world follows a religion known as Islam which is a monotheistic religion. The word Islam means to submit oneself to god. There are almost 2 billion Muslims around the world practicing the teaching of Islam making it the second largest religion of the world. The follows the teachings of Prophet Mohammad on whom a holy book Quran was revealed. The faith of a Muslim is based on five pillars of Islam that are tauheed, salaat, zakat, hajj, and fasting. References Book Armstrong. (2002). Islam: A Short History. Esposito, J. L. (2002). What everyone needs to Know about Islam. Clark. (2003). Islam for Dummies. Lewis. (2004). The Crisis of Islam.

Managing Orgnisation Essay Example for Free

Managing Orgnisation Essay Organizational culture can be summed up as a complex set of assumptions, beliefs, perceptions, symbols and values that define how a company goes about doing business. Every organization has its own unique culture or value set. Most organizations do not consciously try to create a certain culture as the culture of the organization is typically created automatically and unconsciously, based on the values of the top management or the founders of an organization. How things are said and done in a company reflects and shapes its organizational culture and can be seen in the following ways based on norms, critical incidents, rituals and significant symbols. Norms are a set of unwritten rules and guidelines that are standard for appropriate behaviour. Critical incidents are the events that occur in a company for example; a manager pointed out a mistake in the boss’ work and got passed over for a promotion. It shows that the company does not tolerate criticism. Based on this, other employees will learn from it and keep quiet even if their superiors made a mistake on their jobs. Rituals are the company’s traditions and customs, which are known as rites. Each company has their own set of rituals and can be extremely different from one another. A few examples will be the dress code, work pace, where to sit during meetings and recognition; how achievements are awarded. A significant symbol is how the employees and customers describe the organization. This means the language used to reflect the beliefs that are an everyday part of life for the organization. They are an indication of what values the company holds important. Based on the above introduction and explanation, we can derive that certain aspects of the culture can and cannot be managed. As said before, the top of the organization are the ones who set the goal and mission for the company. But based on the settings, different values and beliefs branches out as people have different perceptions and way of getting job done. Each culture is like a finger print and there can be no same culture between two unrelated organizations. The culture [1]‘is one type of environmental influence which impacts the way people (employees) think, perform tasks, and  communicate/interact with each other.’ Harris (1994) said: [2]‘Work is done by people who make up an organization, not by the organization itself. Organizational culture is ultimately manifested, represented and maintained by sense-making efforts and actions of individuals.’ It means organisational culture will first manifest itself before having impact on individuals and in turns affect an organization’s productivity, performance and their good points. In any kind of businesses, having a good culture is key matter in sustaining a good organization and in return creating good working results. Creating a â€Å"positive† culture would be extremely difficult to implement. At a certain point of situation, there will be a need to manage the culture of the organization. This is when there is a change in the tops of the management; the board of directors. It can also occur when there is a merge and overtaking by another organization.

Users Perception On Digi Telecommunication Ebilling Service

Users Perception On Digi Telecommunication Ebilling Service Digi telecommunication (DIGI) established in the year of 1995 and is a well-known mobile communications brand company in Malaysia that provides a completely range of highly affordable and simple to use Wi-Fi telecommunications services to make easier and improve the satisfaction level towards Digi customer. The company provides mobile phone as well as fixed telephone systems products and services which enable people to stay connected always with each other no matter where they are. DIGIs two main business lines services are operates into such as Digi postpaid, Digi prepaid and international services as voice services, and text messaging, multimedia messaging service (MMS), broadband internet, GPRS/EDGE and wireless application protocol (WAP) as data services. Digi postpaid is where the user used fixed line service to call and pay the bill after their total usage used for the month whereby Digi prepaid user have to pay and reload the credit first before using the service, and this do not need any phone bills. International services are also called as international direct dial (IDD), which enable customer to make international roaming such as calls and text messaging. 2.0 Rationale for the title Digi Telecommunication industry is among one of the rapid grow industry in Malaysia. The telecommunication sector is expanding rapidly because of its up-to-date services and products. Due to the rapid development of technology, people are now in the era of telecommunication and internet based. Everything in the world are usually communicate using internet and business can be deal using online transaction. This development has become a transition for the development of the nations industrial sectors. All mobile communications company in Malaysia are seeking different ways to compete themselves from their competitors and gain benefits over competition. A good quality of service becomes the promoting method to attract customer attention as it is the most important factors in customer satisfactions. The main reason for choosing this title is to research and identify the users perception on Digi e-billing services in Penang area. Besides, it also helps users to aware about the existence of Digi e-billing service. It is important to determine the customers requirements, demands and the perception of the customers towards Digi e-billing services as in to gain the customer service level. Therefore, hand phone bills that are postal mail to the customers in monthly basis is already become a regular method among Malaysians. Its already a fact that in this current advanced technology world, every single individual in urban areas has a mobile phone because its one of a trends and lifestyles for people. Besides that, another reason is because of the current climate change issue, Digi has now took part in the Go Green campaign to reduce the climate impact, Digi has now fully launch and encouraging e-billing service system to postpaid customers. For those postpaid customers who choose to convert to e-billing and unsubscribe for paper billings, DiGi will be contribute the each of the postpaid customers paper billings of RM3.00 to WWF-Malaysia as a reforest funds. This is an effort to minimize the environment impact by encouraging the postpaid customers to receive the monthly statement electronically rather than receiving the usual paper bills. Besides playing a role in protecting the countrys forest, Digi customers also get to reduce the monthly bill by RM3 to convert to e-billing service. 3.0 Research Question and Research Objectives This section will brought up some questions in this research paper which are relevant to the research title and also to identify the main objective of the research paper. There are 10 research questions created which are related to the title. The questions are as below: 1) Why do customers choose Digi as their telecommunication network? 2) What are the level of customers satisfactions by using Digi postpaid network service? 3) How do customers sign up for e-billing online? 4) How do customers received their monthly statement bill through e-billing? 5) Do e-billing service brings convenient to customers? 6) Do customers participate in e-billing service? 7) Do customers prefer received monthly statement though paper bill or e-billing? 8) How frequent customers able to check on the e-billing statement in a year? 9) Do customers support Digi to go for Go Green by using e-billing? 10) How does the users perception level on Digi e-billing service in Penang area? 3.1 Research Objectives There are 2 main objectives for this study. The objectives of this study are to identify the users perception level on Digi e-billing service in Penang area. Secondly, is to let user aware about the e-billing services and encourage them convert to e-billing to reduce climate impact. 4.0 Research Methods The type of this research method is based on empirical project. The research is focused to conduct a survey on the Digi e-billing Service in Penang area only. This research will involve a total of 150 respondents to get the feedback. To make this research into more well focused study, the respondents will consists of the Digi postpaid network service customers in the Penang area where they will select to participate into this survey only. They were either the existing or previous Digi postpaid user. The research is not limited to any other requirements either age or religion. Overall, all Digi telecommunication postpaid user in Penang area will participate in this research study. In this research, primary and secondary research is included to obtain the data collection. Primary research will started off with distributions questionnaires to Digi postpaid users in Penang malls such as, Queensbay Mall, Gurney Plaza, Prangin Mall, 1st Avenue Mall and also Straits Quay Mall. Besides that, e-mail survey will be forwarded out to selective friends and other Digi postpaid users by e-mail. And finally, an individual interview will be held between the Digi sales person and other Digi postpaid users. Next, secondary research will obtained by using electronic databases such as journals and articles and online research. 5.0 Time Scale Activity Dateline Title / Article 13th April 2011 Proposal 13th April 2011 Questionnaire Construction Questionnaire Analysis Methodology Analysis Literature Review Submission

Techniques Bronte Uses to Evoke Sympathy from the Reader in Jane Eyre E

Techniques Bronte Uses to Evoke Sympathy from the Reader in Jane Eyre The essay looks at ways and especially the people that evoke sympathy for the reader in Jane Eyre’s younger life. Bronte uses many ways to provoke the reader’s empathy and compassion. People and techniques used to do this, are shown in the following. Sympathy is evoked in the reader through Mrs Reed. Although we are given no details on Jane’s childhood before she comes into Mrs Reeds care, we may presume it was a happy one. The contrast is shown when Mrs Reed kept and held Jane separately from her own children. Jane knows that â€Å"She (Mrs Reed) regretted to be under the necessity of keeping me at a distance†. Also â€Å"She must exclude me from privileges intended only for contented, happy little children†. Jane is trying to empathise with Mrs Reed and understands that she does not belong with the family, and therefore feels lost and unhappy. Many adults in the novel dislike Jane because she is an outspoken individual. She is a non-conformist and goes against the grain of the typical female child of her time. She was told to do as she was told and not to think for herself. Today she would be more accepted by having her own views. She is told that â€Å"There is something truly forbidding in a child taking her elders in that manner, be seated and until you can speak pleasantly remain silent. Jane hides and reads behind some curtains to escape what she perceives as her captors. Her favourite book is Bewicks History of British Birds. She dreams she is visiting islands and far off shores as she travels the globe. The reader can almost visualise her journey and also longs for her freedom. As she reads it is noted that outside the weather is dull... ...l to cut her beautiful locks off, she remonstrates and passes a hanker chief over her lips as though she is trying to hide or brush away her feelings of the stupid accusations. Jane is humiliated in front of the whole school because of Mr.Brocklehurst for false accusations. Mrs.Temple later announces to the school and reassures Jane and everyone that she is a good girl and that what Brocklehurst said was not true, the reader feels vindicated for Jane. Bronte describes her characters knowingly and with insight. The reader is drawn into the sad unjust world of an orphan, especially the female orphan in Victorian England. I feel that Jane is a determined young woman someone who I would like to become friends with, not because we would have much in common but that her life philosophies are wise and she is the product of a well experienced short life time.

Breach Of Confidentiality: The Legal Implications When You Are Seeking :: essays research papers

Breach of Confidentiality: The Legal Implications When You Are Seeking Therapy Abnormal Psychology 204 November 2, 1996 Breach of Confidentiality: The legal Implications when You are seeking Therapy I. The need for confidentiality in therapy A. Establish trust B. A patients bill of rights Thesis: The duty to warn has created an ethical dilemma for psychological professionals. II. Therapists face a moral problem B. Requirement by law to breach confidentiality C. Exceptions for breaching confidentiality D. Prediction of violence E. Impact on client I. The future outlook for therapy A. Conflicting views between the legal and psychological professions People are afraid to admit to themselves and others that they need to help to resolve their psychological problems. This is due to the social stigma which society attaches to people, when they seek assistance from a mental health professional. Consequently it is very difficult for any person to establish a trusting relationship with their therapist, because they fear, that the therapist might reveal their most personal information and emotions to others. Health professionals therefore created the patients bill of rights to install confidence between clients and therapists. The patient has a right to every consideration of privacy concerning his own medical care program. Case discussion, consultation, examination, and treatment are confidential and should be conducted discreetly. Those not directly involved in his care must have the permission of the patient to be present. The patient has the right to expect that all communications and records pertaining to his care should be treated as confidential. ( Edge, 63 ) This bill of rights enables clients to disclose all personal information without fears. To fully confide in the therapist is essential to the success of the therapy. On the other hand, the therapist is legally obliged to breach this trust when necessary. The duty to warn has created an ethical dilemma for psychological professionals. The duty to warn is based on a court ruling in 1974. Tatiana Tarasoff was killed by Prosenjit Poddar. Prior to the killing Poddar had told his therapist that he would kill Tatiana upon her return from Brazil. The psychologist tried to have Poddar committed, but since the psychiatrist overseeing this case failed to take action, Poddar was never committed nor was Tarasoff warned about Poddars intentions to kill her. This failure resulted in Tatianas death. The Supreme Court therefore ruled that the psychologist had a duty to warn people which could possibly become harmed ( Bourne, 195-196 ). This policy, to warn endangered people, insures that therapists must breach there confidentiality for specific reasons only. These few exceptions are: Harm Principle: "When the practitioner can foresee a danger to an individual who

Andrew Carnegie: The Man Behind the Steel :: American History Essays

Andrew Carnegie: The Man Behind the Steel I chose to right about Andrew Carnegie for the two following reasons. The first being his Scottish heritage, and second being his close ties with the city of Pittsburgh. I happen to have some Scottish blood in me but more importantly I am from Pittsburgh. Andrew Carnegie’s story of rags to riches is slightly more inspiring than that of Henry Clay Frick, his partner. As a Scottish immigrant Carnegie made his ways through the ranks of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. Upon passing on an offer for the superintendent of the Pittsburgh division of the Pennsylvania Railroad; Carnegie and his brother Thomas purchased an already running mill (Burgoyne 6). From here Carnegie built up the largest and most lucrative iron and steel works in the world. His character was often challenged by certain individuals and defended by others. It is common knowledge that Carnegie viewed himself as a man of the people since he came from humble beginnings. Conversely labor historian Harold Livesay was quoted in saying, â€Å"that certainly by the standards of ethics and conduct to which we would like to hold businessmen today, he indeed operated extremely ruthlessly (www.pbs.org).† Carnegie’s character, views on labor and actions regarding Homestead will be discussed more in depth further. The Homestead Strike of 1892 is known as one of the bloodiest and most bitter labor strikes in American history. Many though would consider it to a necessary progressive movement even taking into account the many lost lives. In order to understand what exactly occurred in Homestead during the summer of 1892 it is first necessary to understand the town of Homestead itself. It is important to point out the fact that without the mill there would be no Homestead, therefore making the mill the nucleus of the town. The mill was located along the Monongahela River in the south of Pittsburgh. Not having seen the mill myself I’m sure that it would have been a beacon to Pittsburghers, encompassing 600 acres of the river’s bank (Burgoyne 1-2). The entire of economy of Homestead was centered on the mill with all other businesses depending on the revenue dispersed by the mill. Store owners, bartenders, and seamstresses all alike depended on paychecks from the mill to spend at their respective proprietorships. There for the lockout of the mill did not simply affect the mill workers but rather all 12,000 residents of Homestead (Burgoyne 1). As for Andrew Carnegie, well he became the richest man in the world. In the year 1900 Carnegie sold the company to J.P Morgan for $480 million.

Solving Vertical and Horizontal Well Hydraulics Problems

A new generalized three-dimensional analytical solution is developed for a partially-penetrating vertical rectangular parallelepiped well screen in a confined aquifer by solving the three-dimensional transient ground water flow differential equation in x-y-z Cartesian coordinates system for drawdown by taking into account the three principal hydraulic conductivities (K _x, K _y, and K _z) along the x-y-z coordinate directions. The fully penetrating screen case becomes equivalent to the single vertical fracture case of Gringarten and Ramey (1973).It is shown that the new solution and Gringarten and Ramey solution (1973) match very well. Similarly, it is shown that this new solution for a horizontally tiny fully penetrating parallelepiped rectangular parallelepiped screen case match very well with Theis (1935) solution. Moreover, it is also shown that the horizontally tiny partially-penetrating parallelepiped rectangular well screen case of this new solution match very well with Hantus h (1964) solution.This new analytical solution can also cover a partially-penetrating horizontal well by representing its screen interval with vertically tiny rectangular parallelepiped. Also the solution takes into account both the vertical anisotropy (a _(zx)=K _z/K _x) as well as the horizontal anisotropy (a _(yx)=K _y/K _x) and has potential application areas to analyze pumping test drawdown data from partially-penetrating vertical and horizontal wells by representing them as tiny rectangular parallelepiped as well as line sources.The solution has also potential application areas for a partially-penetrating parallelepiped rectangular vertical fracture. With this new solution, the horizontal anisotropy (a _(yx)=K _y/K _x) in addition to the vertical anisotropy (a _(zx)=K _z/K _x) can also be determined using observed drawdown data. Most importantly, with this solution, to the knowledge of the author, it has been shown the first time in the literature that some well-known well hyd ra

Kinesthetic Learning Essay

There argon quartette types of development styles which is visual, auditory, kinesthetic and reading and written material learners. Kinesthetic learning is also referred to as tactile learning, this learning style consists of the psyche carrying push through actual physical use in order to learn, instead of sense of hearing to a verbal lecture or watching a demonstration. The best learning style, according to the questionnaire and personal experience is the integrity that suits me the best.This style of learning requires more active training so I am able to grasp the information rapid than if I was to watch a demonstration. My like learning strategies are things such as physically participating in antithetical things, such as whenever a bear upon teaches his nurses about a new outgrowth, I of all time have to do the procedure on my own otherwise I probably wont conclusion up learning.I enjoy doing hands-on impart and experimenting and learn well when things are varied and applyt always stay the same. Its very unwieldy for me to focus on one thing, I t conclusion to multi-task so I order based on what is the most eventful and what is the least important, then complete the task.If I have a lot of work to do, I take short breaks and pass around so that I dont become fidgety and elicit refocus when I sit mainstay down. To compare my preferred learning styles versus the place learning styles, there are a lot of similarities such as using all the senses to learning such as sight, touch, taste smell, hearing, also getting lecturers who croak real-life examples, hands on approaches and such. I chew the fat my learning style as, learning from domain itself. You take real life approaches to everything specially learning, you try to think of a plastered situation from assorted angles.There are a few changes, that I give the axe possibly take hold to my learning abilities and things that git help me study a minuscular better to keep me mo re focused. Something I can try would be do my notes on colored paper so that it is more appealing and will make me interested toward learning the material.Another intellection would maybe even type out my notes on a computer. I remember, during my long time in college in the chemistry lab, I would be so excited to go to the chemistry lab because I love doing experiements and seeing all the chemicals and taking the political campaign tubes and putting different chemicals and seeing the end upshot such as different fumes and changing colors and theresult of combining chemicals.

Cutting Weight in Combat Sports

biting lading in attack Sports Indira Moores Lo-Ellen Park Secondary groom Contents slip cargo in chip Sports3 Cutting fish in General3 set up of fundamental W eight-spot Cuts4 Effects on offshoot and Development5 fit Techniques5 Effects on Performance6 Average Cuts7 Prevention of Weight Cutting8 Conclusion8 Works Cited10 Cutting Weight in Combat Sports It is a known fact that to be a competitor at an elite level, one must bat profound and make sacrifices. there be many examples of hard working jockstraps shown through the media.Most of these examples, however, die hard to pore on a select fewerer professional swashs bid hockey, footb all told, basketball and amateur variants alike(p) figure skating and track and field. Many new(prenominal) sports, be roughly durations recognized as existence an elite level, but atomic number 18 not near as understood be arrive they do not cast the exposure from the media, that more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenomin al) popular sports do. A apportion of set upon sports, including flake, fall in to this category. Wrestling gets a limited media exposure compargond to more popular sports, and as a result, is not head understood.For example, at the capital of Red China Olympic Games in 2008, Canada earned its first halcyon medal by wrestler Carol Hyun at burden 49 kg. Yet grappling was slackly not c bothwhereed abundantly all over well-nigh(prenominal) television ne bothrks, (Yardly, 2008). Because combat sports arnt generally media-popular sports, they are often not understood, which leads to some misconceptions. For instance, they are viewed as more violent compared to other contact sports such(prenominal) as hockey or football, or that it requires little(prenominal) training, (Bina, 2011).However, one of the biggest misconceptions, and the one I am choosing to focus on is that snub lading, in a sport such as wrestling, is an windburnt component of the sport with detrimental c onsequences. Thats not to say that in that location arent extreme examples of dangerous and reckless slant taketing with dire consequences. However cargoiness railsting, when monitor lizarded and execute decently, is just another example of hard work and sacrifices that must be made within the sport. Cutting Weight in General Most combat sports are divided into weight classes. This gives athletes the advantage of competing against soul who is relatively their own size.Rather than having a 190 plug athlete make do against a 130 belabor athlete. The competitors attend a weigh- in session in which the athletes are weighed and are grouped in to the listed weight class. This is where the concept of slip of paper weight comes in. Instead of wrestling someone your own size, why not move back weight and wrestle some tree trunk who is miniatureer? This archetype form has become very(prenominal) popular in recent years with wrestlers, especially in atomic number 7 America . Cutting weight is known as the process of losing a lot of weight in a sententious make out of condemnation.If it is totally a few pounds, losing the weight is fairly easy, but if the athlete is onerous to push aside multiple weight classes in a few geezerhood that is when issues arise. Unfortunately, the small amount of upkeep from the media that wrestling receives is mainly rivet on the most extreme cases and negative cases, where athletes refuse liquids for hours, food for days and wear multiple layers of clothing to sweat prohibited the weight. In some cases athletes are dressed in sweat suits and sit in steam retinue at ridiculously in high spirits temperatures in attempts to discharge the weight.The media has brought the attention to the deaths and the injuries instead of focusing more on the good of the sport. When the process of black weight is save viewed in such a negative way, its easy to assume that it back tooth be very detrimental to anyones remains. Effects of Extreme Weight Cuts These extreme cases that the media has focused on are, of course, very unfortunate. These cuts urinate very prostituteful effects on the corpse. first of all, there is the obvious fact that the dead personate is universe desiccated. Dehydration alone, causes the body to be tired and sleepy, causes the body to feature a ard epoch concentrating and house be soft stressed, (Ma thusey, 2010). An athlete is as well more given over to beingness injured when they are dehydrated, (Matheney, 2010). Dehydration causes the organs in the body to work harder to march on their corporal functions. Examples of this are the heart and the kidneys. The heart pumps blood all over the body after it has been oxygenized. Without the necessary amount of water supply in the body, the heart has to pump stronger and more often, causing it to be over worked. The kidneys filter do in products from the blood stream and without water it cannot filter properly.As a result, dehydration can cause kidney and heart failure. There are also reports of harming the liver during the process of cutting weight, (McAllister,2011). Aside from the physical effects, there are some mental effects on the body as well. Refusing foods and liquids days before a weigh in can increase an athletes chance of an eating disorder. Although, it is not necessarily because of the media and pressures to look a veritable way, it is caused by the pressures of the team, coaches and themselves to weigh a certain weight.There is also the possibility of hormone imbalances which cause body fluid swings and depression in athletes, (Matheny, 2010). Effects on Growth and Development Younger, maturing athletes who cut heavy(a) amounts of weight are more likely to experience hormone imbalances, which is caused by under fodder. As a result the bodys growth hormone gets altered, which may cause permanent growth impairment if it is repeated over many seasons of wrestling, (Cochan, 2 011. ) Any dietary restrictions in children who postulate can also be harmful.Children, especially those who compete in enthusiastic levels of physical activity contend a variety of nutrients. Since they are notwithstanding development and developing, many fats and carbohydrates are needed to keep the body fueled. If not, dietary restrictions may also tighten up protein nutrition and muscular fulfillance, (Health Canada, 2011). Proper Techniques Although cutting weight go forth never be considered something extremely healthy, there are methods of cutting weight that do less harm to the body. People can cut weight properly over a long period of clock time through dieting and water manipulation.A simple down in the mouth carb diet can help anybody two to ternion pounds per week. As long as the diet is still feeding the body the necessary nutrients, like water, only a small and necessary amount carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals, it pass on still stir enou gh energy to use of goods and services intensely and slowly lose weight, (Landry, 2009). For example, after an intense workout or practice, eating a harvest-tide would benefit the body. The simple sugars are carbohydrates that help make full muscles after being worked very hard. This can be consumed instead of a kilogram calorie-high and carb-loaded protein drink.Another way losing weight that is less harmful to the body is known as water manipulation. Athletes are able to trick their body into mentation that it is consuming more water, then it actually is. For example, in the week leading up to the weigh in, for two days an athlete will drink eight litres of water. He or she will let the body adjust to this enormous amount of water being consumed. Naturally, the body will rid the excess water. afterward the two days, he or she will cut down to four litres, which is still a swelled amount.The body is still taking in more water than necessary, and is still ridding a large amou nt. This can help an athlete lose from 5-7 pounds in the days leading up to a weigh in. Effects on Performance After being dehydrated for an extended period of time, the body takes a lengthened time to rehydrate. According to The Wrestler Diet, by Roger Landry and others, the body intakes only about two pints of water per hour, and takes up to 48 hours for the water balance tissue in your muscles to be restored,. Different bodies, however, react differently.Athletes who have been dieting responsibly and are used to competing may be more familiar with restoring their bodies before a tournament. Ioannis Barbas did a canvas on twelve Greco Roman wrestlers and how they recovered from the comely weight cutting process during the tournament. Through his probe he discovered a number of things like which matches in the day were the hardest for most athletes that being the twenty-five percent match- , when the athletes found themselves most tired and so on. He did this by recording su rgical process measurements, muscle abuse assessments, and blood sampling before and after every match.He also found that these wrestlers were able to overcome weight loss routines before tournaments and preform very well and up to their usual abilities. Another factor that may appropriate the performances of combat sport competitors may be improper diets. Other professional and amateur sports that do not focus on weight have the advantage of consuming many high calorie and high carb foods that would fuel the body with necessary nutrients during their competition. Meanwhile, athlete who are concerned about their weight are restricting these types of foods so he or she can make the desired weight class.In other words, these athletes are not getting proper nutrients, which may affect the athletes performance, (Smith). However, if the athlete loses the weight responsibly and avoids dehydration as much as possible, the convalescence should be maximal. If an athlete has been dehydrate d for a short period of time, and rehydrates with water and electrolytes after the weigh in the negative effects should be minimal, (Barbas, 2010). Average Cuts The average amount of weight that is cut by athletes potently depends on the sport, and the level of competition.For example, professional UFC fighters are overtaking to cut more than a rookie high school wrestler. Professional UFC fighters are known to cut anywhere from 20 to 45 pounds, (Wong, 2010). This is an extremely large amount, but most of it is done over a long period of time and carefully, considering this is what they do as a profession. High school and university level wrestlers could drop a simple five pounds to 15 pounds over time, (McAllister, 2011). Prevention of Weight Cutting With the number of deaths and injuries that have occurred from athletes cutting weight, there had to be changes made.The consequences of cutting weight are very extreme, yet many athletes continue to do so in a very reckless way. In the United States, collegiate wrestling competitions have changed the weigh in date from the level before the competition, to the day of the competition. This helps reduce the chance of athletes cutting weight by giving them less time to recover after dehydration and starvation. The less time to recover, the less likely the athlete will perform well, and therefore an athlete is less likely to cut. The NCAA has also recently taken many steps to reduce the chances of athletes cutting weight.They have banned competitors of practicing in a room that is hotter than 80 degrees Fahrenheit, self induced vomiting, and extensive fluid and/or food restrictions, (Loma, 2010). Another normal restriction that has been made is the banning of sauna suits. This is a decent compromise to athletes because the act of weight cutting can still be done, but in a much less dangerous way. sweat room suits are very dangerous and can easily overheat an athlete. Conclusion Cutting weight is an unhealthy par t of combat sports. Nonetheless, it is a part of the sport.Unfortunately, the small amount of attention the media gives to these combat sports, such as wrestling, tend to be more negative and focused on extreme cases of athletes cutting large amounts of weight. As a result of the lack of attention, the sports are not thoroughly understood, particularly the concept of cutting weight. Cutting weight does have detrimental effects on the body, especially young, growing children. But if it is executed properly, then the negative effects are negligible. If athletes do monitor their weight cutting process over time and very carefully, they will be able to compete near their fullest potential.If cutting weight, and other misconceptions about combat sports had more exposure, it would be understood that cutting weight is just another part of the sport that demonstrates hard work and extreme sacrifices. Works Cited Barbas, I. , (Nov 27th, 2010). , Physiological and performance adaptations of e lite Greco-Roman wrestlers during a one-day tournament. , Retrieved from http//www. fila-official. com/images/FILA/documents/stages/2010/Barbas_physiological_performance_adaptations_gr. pdf on Feb 20th, 2012. Bina, A. , (Feb 2011). , why is College Wrestling Unpopular? Retrieve from